Background- Social media has a high number of hate messages that are directed towards groups and individuals. This article touches on cyber-bullying, hate-speech, and other negative aspects. They make a theory that “of online hate based on social approval suggests that individuals and collaborators generate hate messages to garner reward, for their antagonism toward mutually hated targets, by providing friendship and social support that enhances perpetrators’ well-being as it simultaneously deepens their prejudices.”. It shows evidence to prove that point.
Intention- I plan to use this article as “proof” on how much of a toxic environment social media really is. It briefly touches on each negative aspect of SM, which could really help me when talking about the effects.
Background- This article talks about the freedom of speech and how social media companies don’t have to comply with that because the company themselves can make their own rules and guidelines. Tech companies and social media sites are actively curbing internet access to hateful people and groups.
Intention- Using this article will give me insight on how freedom of speech laws don’t really correspond with social media. I can really touch on laws and rules in my paper and I believe that this article will help me do so.
Background- This article also explains the battle that is free speech and social media bans. It briefly touches on twitter and their rules and guidelines. Creator Elon Musk, voices that it’s important to have a space where you can voice your opinions and that it’s healthy. The article talks about regulations and how “more than 100 bills that target social media companies’ moderation practices have been proposed nationwide. These bills attempt to limit the power of social media companies.”. It’s a lot of great information that can be used for my paper.
Intention- Slightly similar to source 2, but I have the same intentions. This article will really help me strengthen my knowledge on rules and guidelines regarding social media.
Background- A Lot of people use hate speech on social media and it’s linked to a global increase towards violence. “In the United States, perpetrators of recent white supremacist attacks have circulated among racist communities online, and also embraced social media to publicize their acts.” . A Lot of violence issues have also used social media as an outlet to hate speech. This is why users should be banned for their comments, and bad behavior on social media.
Intention- I intend to use this for evidence for my paper, and the comparisons of hate speech and toxicity on social media. This will help me further prove my hypothesis
Background-Studies show the deplatforming people off social media actually work. The article makes a great point “replatforming is not a violation of free speech”. It make great points regarding hate, social media, banning-users, and free speech. All to which will help me with proving my hypothesis.
Intention- I also plan to use this article for more evidence surrounding my hypothesis. This article talks about studies that show banning people from platforms helps and improves.
Source 6: Steinmetz, K. (2019, July 8). Inside Instagram’s ambitious plan to fight bullying. Time. https://time.com/5619999/instagram-mosseri-bullying-artificial-intelligence/
Background: It talks about bullying on the apps and how the kids will get creative when bullying other users. Instagrams trying hard to keep bullying and hate under control, and they are trying to figure out ways to detect hate when making posts.
Intention: I can use this article for evidence to support my hypothesis, and show that social media is a source for a lot of hate and negativity.
Source 7: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3134666
Background: This was explaining how other sites are having users who are hateful/ using hate speech. This article was about the app reddit, and how they put a ban on subreddits, meaning users couldn’t reply
intention : I used this research when looking to see if other social media websites are also having users that are bullying other users. Reddit, a popular website, held a lot of bullying. This will be good when talking about different sites.
Source 8:Walther, J. B. (2022). Social Media and Online Hate. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.010
Background: It explains a lot about hate and hate-speech and how bad bullying other users can really get.
Intention: I used it as evidence to show how social media has a lot of online hate on the platforms.
Source 9: Wetzel, J. (2023, August 29). Disabled child’s desperate plea to stop online trolls brought out the best in Social Media. Upworthy.
Background: In this instance, a disabled child was receiving a lot of hate, he couldn’t really do much physically, and the one thing he liked to do was make tik tok videos. He couldn’t even enjoy that because of the hate he was receiving. A bunch of creators on the app were sharing and duetting his video, showing their support to him.
How I intend to use it: I used it in my causal argument. I need to show an example where a person was receiving hate on SM, and was pleading for the hate to stop.
Source 10: Centre, T. E. (2021a, December 15). What is the harm principle? ethics explainer by the Ethics Centre. THE ETHICS CENTRE. https://ethics.org.au/ethics-explainer-the-harm-principle/#:~:text=The%20hard%20 principle%20says%20people,English%20 philosopher%20 John%20 Stuart%20mil.
Background: It talked about the harm principle, which is “The harm principle says people should be free to act however they wish unless their actions cause harm to somebody else”. It ties back to my rebuttal which is freedom of speech.
Intention: I used it in my rebuttal argument when talking about my rebuttal.
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Counterintuitive Spring 2024 
Good start, DogLover.
If this prediction of HOW I INTEND TO USE IT turned out to be true:
Intention- I plan to use this article as “proof” on how much of a toxic environment social media really is. It briefly touches on each negative aspect of SM, which could really help me when talking about the effects.
. . . then all you need to do is change the language to:
How I Used It– I used this article as “proof” on how much of a toxic environment social media really is. It briefly touches on each negative aspect of SM, which could really help me when talking about the effects.
If you plan changed, indicate how. It’s no longer important what you planned. Just as your original Hypothesis may have changed, what matters now is your Thesis.
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