Bibliography — Entendu

Free Heroin to Battle Addiction

Background: Vancouver is a hub for heroin addicts due to the fact that heroin is often imported there.  The city opened a clinic in which they give out free heroin with clean needles to help the addicts live more “normal” lives.  This clinic stops heroin related crimes, such as robberies due to needing money to buy more drugs.  They also benefit through clean needles, meaning less cases of AIDS and other diseases caused by dirty needles.

How I Used it: I used as a basic overview of what my paper will be about.  This article gives a basic understanding of what is going on in this situation.  The article focuses mostly on the benefits of the heroin clinic but also some of the clear downsides.

Why Doctors are Giving Heroin to Heroin Addicts

Background: This article shows where the idea came from and why it is effective.  It demonstrates that they are using it to wean people off of heroin, since other attempts at cleanses have failed.

How I Used it: I used this article to give the background of the whole concept in general.  This article showed how it can work and that it has worked before.  It is a good article that can be used to strengthen my whole argument since it touches on many aspects of the concept of giving heroin to heroin addicts.

Vancouver study claims benefits to prescribing heroin to addicts

Background: This article gives facts about what has occurred because of this free heroin initiative.  There is also claims from critics saying that it is a bad idea.  The article provides points and counter points to the whole concept as well as a study on whether or not its working.

How I Used it: I used this article to introduce arguments against my point and disprove them.  I can also use it for an explanation about how the system all works.  I can back up my argument using a study from this article.

Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction

Background: The article holds information about addictions and how severely they can effect someone.  It speaks of addictions as a disease and how relapses work.  The science behind addictions and statistics are given in this article.  It covers medical consequences of drug addiction and mentions a broad amount of drugs.

How I Used it:  Using this article I can spoke of the science behind addiction and what it would take to get an addict off of heroin.  This helped me show how serious addiction is and how much addiction can cost medically.  I used this article to show how addicts often relapse and it is very common so this would be beneficial to the argument that treating heroin addiction with more heroin is beneficial.

Only in the Netherlands Do Addicts Complain About Free Government Heroin

Background: This article gives another example of where free heroin for addicts is being used.  It gives a background on what the whole system is like and how it works as well as the amount of people that go through the facility.  It shows graphs and numbers about the drastic decrease in addicts since the clinic began.  The article gives accounts about the clinic and life with and without the clinics from real people that have been a part of the clinic.

How I Used it: The information in this article will help strengthen my argument by giving another example of a successful free heroin clinic.  I showed the number of people using the clinic were the ones that were using when the clinic arrived in the 1990’s.  The younger generation has a smaller amount of people on dope which means that the clinic has made forward progress.

Heroin Addiction and Crime

Background: The article tells about crime related to heroin addiction.  It explains the motives behind why addicts would want to commit crime as well as the statistics of crimes that heroin addicts commit.  It tells of the correlation between violent crime and heroin addicts as well as the correlation between decision making and heroin abuse.

How I Used it:  This article will help me argue that it is beneficial to keep addicts on heroin because of the crimes they can commit because they need their fix.  I argued that it will cost less to give out free heroin with taxpayer money than it would to fix the damages and crimes committed by addicts to get their heroin.  I talked about the motivation of drug related crime and how free heroin would easily reduce crime rate.

The Only Place That They’ll Inject You With Heroin for Free

Background: This article talks about the free heroin clinic proposing what the benefits of it could be.  It states the amount of money that illegal drugs have cost the country in terms of law enforcement, drug overdoses, and health care.  It gives background on the trial of giving out free heroin “SALOME”.  It gives an account from a patient on how it has benefit him.  It shows how heroin clinics are more effective than methadone clinics and they are also cheaper.

How I Used it: This article gives me useful statistics that will help prove my thesis that free heroin will be beneficial in society. It talks about the way it has helped patients and is cheaper to run than a methadone clinic, as well as it being more effective at keeping people coming.  This article will strengthen my paper because of all the ways it shows free heroin to be beneficial.

Heroin Clinics Improve Addicts’ Lives

Background: The article has a section on all the positive effects of free heroin.  It is an example of free heroin clinic from Denmark. It explains the cost of the heroin clinic per person.  It also references a Swiss study that says that the clinic removes four percent of the most problematic addicts in the streets.

How I Used it:  I used all the positive effects to show how a free heroin clinic could benefit society.  It also tells me how it is funded and how much the funding costs which is very important to proving how it can save money by paying for heroin instead of the problems caused by addicts.

Cost Utility Analysis of co-prescribed heroin compared with methadone maintenance treatment in heroin addicts in two randomized trial

Background: This is a study that was meant to determine the cost of prescribing heroin to heroin addicts compared to addicts prescribed with just methadone.  The conclusion found that a prescription of heroin along with methadone was cost effective.  It says that patients would normally save $1133 and take part in crime ever three days to get money for their drug.

How I Used it: I used this article as evidence that a free heroin clinic can be more cost efficient for cities and states.  It has all the details of the study to use as evidence.  Using the process and multiple written conclusions and results in the study I can show why its a better idea to give out free heroin to addicts that have failed treatment before.

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Research Position — Entendu

Free Drugs

Fighting fire with fire has always been said with a negative connotation, as if it is a bad thing that can only make things worse.  What if there was a point that the fire would reach where it was too big to put out and it started becoming a problem for everything around it? Instead of pouring resources into trying to stop it, why not just try to contain the fire, so that would not affect everything around it, but it would still thrive?  Of course, fire can always be put out with water, but heroin addiction does not have any obvious solution. There is always that chance that an addict can quit completely, but some addiction is a chronic disease that will make someone do drastic and irrational things just to get their fix. Sometimes what seems to be the most effective way to fix a problem is not the solution at all.  Instead a solution that would please both the addict and the community is present, fighting drug addiction with drugs.

Places throughout the world have adopted clinics where addicts can come in up to three times a day just to get high off the best heroin they can imagine, all for free.  Although it seems they have the wrong idea about how to deal with addiction, these free heroin clinics are not bad things.  Giving a heroin addicts free heroin will them a chance to prioritize other responsibilities besides getting heroin, decrease the spread of disease transferred through hard drug addiction, lower the amount of overdoses, and reduce crime, therefore being beneficial to both the addict and community.

Heroin is scary in the way that one try can lead to a slippery slope of addiction resulting in a life of crime, poverty, or desperation.  Thinking that an addiction is an easy thing to take care of is a very ignorant statement.  An addiction is always there and will stay there even after someone quits.  It is caused by the insane amounts of dopamine released when a drug is used.  Once an addict, always an addict.  Drug addictions are scary because no matter how close someone is to getting their life back together, one relapse and they are back to square one.  Drug addiction is defined as “a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is categorized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite its harmful consequences (drugabuse.gov).”  Compulsive drug seeking is large part of some heroin addicts lives.   When someone is addicted to heroin, they will get high, regardless if they have the funds or not.  Addicts are known to commit acquisitive crimes in order to fund their habit.  This not only is a problem for them, but this is when it also becomes a problem for the community (neurowiki2013.wikidot.com).

The most important thing in a heroin addicts life is simply getting high.  When a person addicted to heroin cannot get high, he experiences withdrawal.  Withdrawal will ruin that person’s life until he get his fix.  The addict is tunnel-visioned and only sees using at the end of the tunnel.  There are no other paths and going backwards just means that he cannot get high and will experience all of the symptoms of withdrawal.  The addict knows in his mind the only option is using and finds the quickest way to get money.  Robbery and shoplifting make for an easy high and because committing that crime got him high and stopped the effects of withdrawal, it is always a good option for next time.  The overwhelming want, or even need of that drug can lead an addict to the point where even obtaining a secondary source to get the drug is enough motivation to shoplift even if he does not feel the need to get high at the time (neurowiki2013.wikidot.com).

Their have been similar efforts to benefit heroin addicts and the community.  Most notably are Methadone Clinics.  Methadone is an opiate similar to heroin that does not give a high as drastic as heroin, but it reduces the urge to use.  The theory is the same as that of a free heroin clinic, that it will reduce the effect addicts have on the community and it will benefit and addicts life.  However, Methadone is not as successful as the free heroin clinics.  While only 54 percent of Methadone patients return for treatment, 90 percent return for free heroin.  Studies also showed that those participants on heroin also had a lower societal cost, making it not only more effective, but cost efficient (Hiebert).

A four year trial in Britain yielded astounding results in relation to crime.  There were three trial groups; oral methadone clinic patients, intravenous methadone clinic patients, and free heroin clinic patients.  All three groups showed improvement, but the ones that got free heroin benefited the most.  The amount of crime that the patients addicted to heroin that received the drug for free committed decreased drastically.  So drastically that the number of crimes committed by these participants in the 30 days preceding the trial dropped from 1700.  In the six months after the trial had started, the same participants only committed 547 crimes.  In the 30 days before the addicts received free heroin, they committed more than three times the amount of crime they would commit on free heroin for the next six months (Faure).

Always having the means to obtain a fix takes away the need to commit a crimes against the public.  If all the addict is going to focus on is getting high and he will be a threat to people of the community if he needs to find a way to obtain it, then he should just be given heroin and then everyone is happy.  The only problem is the addict is still addicted to heroin, but that was going to happen anyway.  Of course, not just anyone is able to go get heroin when they want.  The clinic is only available for addicts that have been addicted to heroin and have made several attempts to quit the drug (pri.org).

Of course, heroin is slowly killing the addict, and of course, they are being provided with the purest death they can imagine for free.  However, without the clinic there is a chance they’d be found with a needle in their arm they were never able to pull out.  The problem is no matter how much better it would be for them to quit, they do not actually want to quit.  Regardless of the clinic or not, they will get their fix regularly.  Instead they are given treatment, kind of like a doctor’s office.  Treatment is not to benefit the addicts life. It is viewed as medical treatment and just that.  The heroin is treated like medicine and is taken seriously.  If the addict does not show up on time, it is on him and he will not be getting his fix (Roes).

Free heroin clinics do not only make patient’s addiction more bearable and livable, but it sometimes helps them kick their habit completely.  A man who goes by the name of Johan spoke about how he went to the clinic everyday until he hated his life.  “If you get dope for free, the only problem is you’re addicted to the dope.” says Johan about the clinic, “All that’s left when everything else is taken care of is the question: do I really want to keep on using this? (Roes)”  The clinic has a chance of not only helping an addict live with their addiction, but learning to live without it as well.

The treatment is measured out from the purest heroin that any addict has ever tried.  They are given sterilized needles and are left to get high.  The nurses and staff are not allowed give injections for the patients, however, the only thing they are there to do is provide the drugs and help the patient find a suitable vein (Wojcik).  There is also a smoke room where they can smoke their fix along with six others.  Here they are given the substance and pre-cut tinfoil.  They are given a drink called “nutrical” containing a portion of daily nutrition and are allowed to take free condoms and clean needles when they leave (Roes).

These clinics therefore reduce the number of dangerous variables that come into effect in a heroin junkies life.  These variables being the risk of diseases from shared needles, the rink of getting heroin laced with other dangerous substances, and the risk of having a heroin overdose.  Diseases from shared needles are very common among heroin addicts.  This is because it is not easy for them to get clean needles.  A free heroin clinic will bring the spread of needle sharing diseases such as Hepatitis and HIV/AIDS to a stop.  This is very important because of how dangerous these diseases can be and how easily they will spread.  HIV can be transmitted a number of ways and one addict can spread it to multiple people by letting the others get high.  Besides, when an addict wants to get high and desperately needs a needle, that person does not care whether or not the needle is clean. He cares that he is getting high.  This applies when it comes to impure heroin or overdosing.  When getting heroin on the street, all the person knows is that they are buying heroin, they do not know what else is in the substance that they’re getting.  This is eliminated when a free heroin clinic gives the most pure heroin there is for free (Hiebert).

Overdose is a problem that is also solved by free heroin clinics.  When at a clinic, patients are given the right amount of heroin measured for them, no more no less.  This is essential because without heroin clinics, people see getting high as getting high.  Once someone does dope for long enough, they build up a tolerance.  This tolerance can cause them to fiend for a greater high, an unachievable high since their body is so used to the drug.  Simply wanting to get higher could be the cause of their death through overdose.

These free heroin clinics have been around for some time now throughout other countries and have yielded success through them.  A free heroin clinic in Denmark said that it reduces the number of days the addicts spent on crime to a third of what it was before.  It also increased the number of addicts to find permanent housing by thirty percent, a clear step in the right direction for their lives.  These are clear signs of benefits of heroin treatment, but there has been an even greater effect.  According to a dutch study prescribed free heroin “could save the state €13,000 per person per year” because of less crime control.

These heroin clinics have given addicts the possibility at cleaning up their lives.  Once an addict does not have to focus on buying heroin or committing crimes for his fix, he can simply get high and move on with his life until he gets high again.  The community is also safer as well as the addicts.  Since the clinics provide clean needles, there is no spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis.  The heroin clinics have consistently shown that crime rates among addicts that go to the clinic drop.  Therefore, the little downside (that the addicts are still addicted to heroin) is outweighed by the benefits a clinic could provide, since the addict will still be doing heroin regardless if there is a clinic or not.  Clearly, a free heroin clinic is nothing but beneficial for both the addicts and community alike.

Works Cited
Campbell, Bradley. “Vancouver Combats Heroin by Giving Addicts the Best Smack in the World.PRI. PRI, 4 Feb. 2015. Web. 4 May 2015.
Faure, Gaëlle. “Why Doctors Are Giving Heroin to Heroin Addicts.Time. Time Inc., 28 Sept. 2009. Web. 4 May 2015.
Heroin Addiction and Crime.NeuroWiki 2013. University of Toronto, n.d. Web. 04 May 2015.
Hiebert, Paul. “The Only Place Where They’ll Inject You With Heroin for Free.Pacific Standard. Pacific Standard, 3 June 2013. Web. 05 May 2015.
Roes, Thijs. “Only in the Netherlands Do Addicts Complain About Free Government HeroinVICE News RSS. Vice News, 6 May 2014. Web. 05 May 2015.
Volkow, Nora D., M.D. “Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction.” NIH. NIH, July 2014. Web. 4 May 2015.
Wojcik, Jeppe. “Heroin Clinics Improve Addicts’ Lives.” Sciencenordic.com. Science Nordic, 1 May 2012. Web. 4 May 2015. <http://sciencenordic.com/heroin-clinics-improve-addicts-lives&gt;
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Rebuttal Rewrite — Entendu

Fight Drugs with Drugs

Sometimes the best way to deal with a drug problem is making the drug easier to get.  The problem with heroin addiction is not just the fact that people are getting high.  The problem is that an addict will do anything to get high.  Providing heroin completely eradicates this problem.  Simply make the heroin free and obtainable and the addict will no longer commit a crime or take another drastic measure to get high, he will just get his fix and continue on with his life, being more productive than he would if he had to find heroin.  It seems obvious, that giving out drugs to help junkies is not the moral or right thing to do and that it is not helping anyone, that it is making the junkies drug problem worse.  However, while people stay in the Free Heroin Clinic and never quit, there are people who kick their addiction because of the clinic.  Free Heroin Clinics do not make addictions worse, but they can also make people completely kick their addiction.

The problem with heroin addiction is that all the addicts that try to quit do not actually want to quit.  Stopping a drug that makes them feel incredible everyday does not sound very appealing.  However, there are people that have kicked their addiction through going to the clinic.  A man who goes by the name of Johan spoke about how he went to the clinic everyday until he hated his life.  “If you get dope for free, the only problem is you’re addicted to the dope.” says Johan about the clinic, “All that’s left when everything else is taken care of is the question: do I really want to keep on using this? (Roes)”  The clinic helped Johan kick heroin and helps other addicts get their lives together and becoming functioning members of society, junkie or not.

Drugs are a very delicate thing to deal with because they have the ability to snowball out of control from one try and leave someone doing desperate things to feed their addiction.  Although it seems wrong to feed someone else’s addiction, it can be the best option for them and for all the people their addiction can affect.  While giving someone drugs does not seem like the moral thing to do to help them, if they were not receiving these drugs they would out potentially harming others to get their fix, which could potentially harm them.  Free Heroin Clinics are not immoral, they are helpful to the addicts who would otherwise be hurting themselves or others in order to get a fix.

Roes, Thijs. “Only in the Netherlands Do Addicts Complain About Free Government Heroin | VICE News.” VICE News RSS. Vice News, 6 May 2014. Web. 04 May 2015.

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A11: Research Position Paper — kidhanekoma

Trust Got Us Black and Blue by the Boys in Blue

     Police brutality within the United States has unfortunately become outrageously rampant over these past couple of years. It seems that new cases of violent police action spring up every few weeks. Whether it be from officers assaulting a suspect or outright shooting them out of suspicion of them carrying a weapon, the police officers just always seem to go with a course of violence first.

“Atlanta, Georgia, where a SWAT team, attempting to execute a no-knock drug warrant in the middle of the night, launched a flash bang grenade into the targeted home, only to have it land in a crib where a 19-month-old baby lay sleeping. The grenade exploded in the baby’s face, burning his face, lacerating his chest, and leaving him paralyzed. He is currently in the hospital in a medically induced coma.” (Whitehead, The Growing Epidemic of Police Violence: Is It Time to De-Militarize Police Forces?)

Surely the officers must face the consequences of these actions however. Police officers are humans and mistakes tend to happen. So it is possible that they can make a completely wrong call on somebody they deem suspicious after they physically attack or shoot them. So naturally they should have to face assault or murder charges respectively if they make this mistake. In the event that a police officer does mistaken kill or injure an innocent person they are liable to investigation and suspension.

“Like in any unnatural death, there is an investigation of the cause by the police. In cases where a law enforcement officer claims to have either accidentally shot someone or shot that person in self-defense, that officer is typically placed on administrative leave. Depending on the circumstances and the agency, this leave may be either paid or unpaid” (Snider, What Happens When Cops Kill Innocent People).

But this is not always the case. Sometimes police officers cover up these misdeeds by lying. Often saying: “I feared for my life”, “They were carrying what appeared to be a gun”, or “They appeared to be under the influence and therefore unpredictable”. Too often, this is all that it takes for them to get away with the assault or murder of an innocent individual. It does not have to be a factual telling of the events that transpired, they just have to make it believable.

“The officer, Michael T. Slager, 33, said he feared for his life because the man had taken his stun gun in a scuffle after a traffic stop on Saturday. A video, however, shows the officer firing eight times as the man, Walter L. Scott, 50, fled” (Schmidt and Apuzzo South Carolina Officer Is Charged with Murder of Walter Scott).

After all if the victim is no longer living after the events we are only left to go by what the police tells us. Officers are fully capable of lying to the public whenever they so choose. By hiding or tampering with evidence, planting drugs or weapons near or on the victim, or by lying in their reports. These things happen frequently whenever acts of police brutality arise. However the majority of people still tend to trust the officers despite evidence of officers brazenly lying, quite frequently within their testimonies, in reports, or on camera.

It is not just police officers that are capable of covering brutality cases. Mainstream media sources do this quite often. These media outlets favor the narrative that is given to them by the police because that’s what will get more views. Sometimes these outlets will create their own commentaries on the events and feed that to their viewers, whether it is factual or not.

“This week, right-wing talk-radio host Larry Elder (you know, the guy who is always accusing liberals of being “race baiters”) stunned the Internet with a photo of Ferguson cop Darren Wilson recovering in the hospital due to the severe injuries he received at the hands of Michael Brown, the unarmed black teenager he gunned down … Proof at last that the valiant cop was only acting in self-defense! Except that it wasn’t proof of anything except Elder’s own lack of honesty and integrity. Because the photo isn’t of Darren Wilson. Rather, it’s a 2006 photograph of “freestyle motocross” personality Jim McNeil, recovering after a nasty “faceplant” accident” (Bodine, KABC’s Larry Elder Spreads Phony Darren Wilson/Ferguson Meme).

In some cases, these news sources will get a hold of the victim’s past criminal actions or the community in which they hailed from and use that to further discredit the victim and paint them in a negative light. Poor media coverage of events normally ends up helping police officers whenever situations like this come up because not only do they serve as distractions to the public, but it pushes the idea that it was the victim’s fault for what happened to them instead of focusing on main issue that is police brutality and excessive police force.

“News preoccupation with things like property damage diverts attention from the underlying conditions that caused them in the first place, and has misrepresented the situation in Baltimore as one characterized by chaos rather than frustration about an ongoing issue. What’s more, community members have united in organizing peaceful demonstrations related to Freddie Gray’s death and the aftermath in the city — images of which weren’t being shown nearly enough in mainstream coverage. With officers in the cases of Michael Brown, Eric Garner, Tamir Rice and Rekia Boyd all getting off the hook for killing unarmed black civilians, there’s also a palpable fear about Gray’s case following in the same trajectory. But that wouldn’t be apparent from simply getting one’s information from cable news stations transmitting nonstop images of the rioting.” (Clifton, In One Quote, Morgan Freeman Said What Everyone’s Thinking about TV Coverage of Baltimore).

News media often tends to favor the police because of the pedestal we place officers on within our society. What gives these outlets an advantage of spreading the news that the officer was a hero for what they did is, that the general public have certain expectations of what a police officer should be embedded within them.

“A police officer must always be strictly honest and truthful.  If you make a mistake, please do not try to hide it, but admit it so that it can be rectified as soon as possible.  The life or liberty of a person may depend on your word, so your evidence must be absolutely truthful. A police officer whose truthfulness is open to suspicion is useless to the force and his senior officers, and is unfit to exercise the responsibilities that are delegated to such an officer … The approach of a police officer has a great effect on the attitude of the public. That is why the use of tact and persuasion instead of force is encouraged.  You will find that members of the public will comply with direction more willingly when they understand the situation or the event that took place.  Insisting on the right of your authority instead of using tact will run you in the risk of having your authority challenged.” (RBPF, Attributes of a Police Officer)

Throughout life, we are often taught the police are shining examples of truth, justice, and decency. Police are always to be trusted and are the go to option whenever an issue arises. Seeing as how this is engrained into our culture, it is quite difficult to convince people that officers are just like us. If their jobs are on the line, they will lie to protect themselves instead of doing what is right. It is a very common, and quite frankly natural response within our society. Whether it be a retail, corporate, industrial, teaching, or food service kind of job; at some point we have all either lied or given half-truths in order to keep our positions. You would have to be lying to yourself to believe that they would not do the same.

In a New York Times opinion piece by Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Alexander goes on to slam the New York Police Department. Exposing many instances where police would lie, how they would do it, and why they have a good reason to do so.

“But are police officers necessarily more trustworthy than alleged criminals? I think not. Not just because the police have a special inclination toward confabulation, but because, disturbingly, the have an incentive to lie. In this era of mass incarceration, the police shouldn’t be trusted any more than any other witness, perhaps less so.” (Alexander, Why Police Lie Under Oath).

From that point, Alexander goes on to paint police officers as ordinary people or the people deemed as criminals. They have a reason to lie. Whether that means they have a specific arrest or ticket quota to meet or if it is used to protect themselves or a fellow officer, if they have the ability to lie more often than not they will take it. Even if they are known to be lying, jurors would still trust the words of a police officer more than they would a criminal. Simply for the fact that, it is a police officer against a criminal. However with a written account from former San Francisco Police commissioner, Peter Keane, can serve as the stepping stone into changing thoughts on police integrity.

“Police officer perjury in court to justify illegal dope searches is commonplace. One of the dirty little not-so-secrets of the criminal justice system is undercover narcotics officers intentionally lying under oath. It is a perversion of the American justice system that strikes directly at the rule of law. Yet it is routine way of doing business in courtrooms everywhere in America.” (Keane, Why Police Lie Under Oath).

Police officers should not have such an easy time being able to get away with murder and excessive force on American citizens by lying and having the media covering for them. It is our tax dollars that pay them. Our hard earned money that supports officers to continue to hurt innocent people and kill suspects when they should face trial. As difficult as it is, our society must come to the realization and accept that the police are not the heroes they once swooned over. With so much evidence of what police officers are capable of doing to get away with their heinous acts, it is a complete mockery of what they call and what we know as justice. We most look pass the media coverage that continues to paint all police officers as paragons of truthfulness, decency, and righteousness. As well as take the narratives created by the police with more skepticism. For of these things do not change, at any moment, it can be your death or assault that a police officer is lying about to get away with.

Works Cited

Whitehead, John W. “The Growing Epidemic of Police Violence: Is It Time to De-Militarize Police Forces?” The Huffington Post. The Huffington Post, 4 Apr. 2014. Web. 05 May 2015.

Schmidt, Michael S., and Matt Apuzzo. “South Carolina Officer Is Charged With Murder of Walter Scott.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 07 Apr. 2015. Web. 05 May 2015.

Snider, Brett, Esq. “What Happens When Cops Kill Innocent People?” Web log post. Law and Daily Life. Findlaw, 13 Apr. 2014. Web. 05 May 2015.

Bodine, Cognac. “KABC’s Larry Elder Spreads Phony Darren Wilson / Ferguson Meme.” KABC’s Larry Elder Spreads Phony Darren Wilson / Ferguson Meme. Dailykaos, 4 Sept. 2014. Web. 05 May 2015.

Clifton, Derrick. “In One Quote, Morgan Freeman Destroyed the Media over the Baltimore Riots Coverage.” Mic. Mic, 01 May 2015. Web. 05 May 2015.

“Attributes of a Police Officer- RBPF.” Attributes of a Police Officer- RBPF. Royal Bahamas Police, n.d. Web. 05 May 2015.

Alexander, Michelle. “Why Police Lie Under Oath.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 02 Feb. 2013. Web. 05 May 2015

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Statement — kidhanekoma

GOAL 1: I used a multi-stage, recursive, and social process for my writing and took into consideration feedback from my instructor, classmates, and other readers.

In the class, it is imperative that we receive feedback from the only the instructor, but classmates as well. This adds to the social process aspect of the course. Not only teaching us how to properly give feedback, but also how to take and respond to feedback and criticism. Often going back to rewrite previous assignments was an exercise in recursive writing. The writer should want to distant themselves from their first draft as quickly and as much as possible. No matter how strong of a first draft it is, it can always be improved and expanded upon. Writing is a full staged process that demands editing, criticism, and research. If the steps are followed correctly it only makes writing the final draft of the assignment run all the more smoother.

GOAL 2: I read source materials closely and analyzed them critically to learn how and why texts create meaning.

Source materials are necessary for any well written counter-intuitive topic. Not only will it strengthen your paper, giving it some useful facts for the reader to understand and add length to the paper, it also gives the writer more to work with and fall back on while writing. The “proposal +5” assignment was used as a way for us to properly organize our sources and remind us what we want these sources to do for our arguments within our papers. Throughout the course, we were to go back to the assignment and add even more sources; whether that means rejecting a source for a more structured on, or adding onto a previous source.

GOAL 3: I wrote with a particular audience in mind, allowing my purpose to shape the language and methods I used not just to communicate information but to persuade readers.

In most assignments, we are meant to write as if we were writing our arguments for the public to view. Meaning that we must prepare for possible rebuttals that may challenge our claims. A way that we do this, is by adding a persuasive element to our arguments. That convinces readers to think outside of their usual views. Our job as writers, is to get our readers to open their minds to a different perspective. Within the papers we write we show how certain events cause particular outcomes and we support this with sources prepared to counter their rebuttals. However, we must still be able to make our content open for discussion and inviting to readers. The paper can’t have facts just plainly tossed at the reader with no life, for that makes for an extremely boring and monotonous read. As writers, naturally we want the readers to want to keep reading after each paragraph meaning that we must be able to draw them closer and closer with each sentence.

GOAL 4: I demonstrated my information literacy by synthesizing my own experience with new insights and information from a range of outside sources to produce new material.

My experiences made it easy find more outside sources for my research topic. The subject matter of my topic affects many people, not just myself. So it was necessary that convey this by using sources that show that the issue is related to many. For it can happen to anybody and imperative that my audience gets the information they need to prove this. I hope that my writing and the sources spur emotions within the readers that make them look at things through a different perspective and mindset. Also for them to look back in their lives and connect their own experiences with what they have just read.

GOAL 5: My writing is ethical. Writing about meaningful topics, I have engaged responsibly with them and represented my ideas and the ideas of others honestly, fairly, and logically.

I wrote about meaningful topics that allowed me to start applying what I have wrote to my life. My writing should be able to convince myself of a topic before I attempt to convince others. I responded to subject matter with my own ideas in a respectable, ethical, well thought manner that any college student should be fully capable of at this point of their lives. I engaged in review of classmates work in a method that encouraged them to improve. But doing this it also allowed me to take on the role of a critic, which enabled me to learn how to spot certain aspects of a work. Thus allowing me to apply it to my own writing so I will be able to correct inaccuracies or mistakes on my own.

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A12: Annotated Bibliography — kidhanekoma

Annotated Bibliography

  1. The Great Police Cover Up

Background – This article details how the police cover up their shootings. They intentionally avoid reporting the bullets they use. They falsify police reports in general. There is even information on how officers provide false data as to people killed by their hands. This makes it hard for the nation to even prove that police officers abuse their power because they are getting false statistics, unreported police altercations.

Proposal – We can’t even trust our police officers to provide proper data. This is what our tax dollars go to. Supplying a police force that cannot be honest with their reports, do not submit their data to the FBI’s Crime Reporting Program, and keep any sort of actual evidence and date to themselves. There is obviously some kind of reason they want to cover this information up. It goes against them.

  1. News Reporter Spreads False Image of Police Officer

Background – KABC reporter Larry Elder posts a fake picture of Darren Wilson’s injuries after his altercation with Michael Brown. This is proven false with a simple right click reverse image search on the photo. It turns out that was actually a picture of man involved in a face plant motocross accident from 2006.

How I used it – This is an example of how the media will lie and spread false information in order to protect the men in blue. The man in the picture does not even resemble Darren Wilson in the slightest. However, that doesn’t seem to matter to Larry Elder, in fact for the first few days it actually worked. The image spread to most other news outlets and the man quickly became the new face of Darren Wilson. Until of course it was proven false. Proving that the media has no problem to lie to the public in order to gain support and views.

  1. Attributes of a Police Officer

Background – A list of traits and characteristics that the police try to live by and uphold.

How I used it – In society we are taught how police officers should be and what they should represent. Courage, loyalty, truthfulness, and most importantly, justice. The goal with this is to show that these ideas and expectations we have of our police tend to skew the idea that at that end of the day police are just like us. Human. They make mistakes like us, sometimes they are dishonest, and that it is possible for them to be selfish.

  1. Deconstructing a Media Police Cover-up

Background – This article delves into how media outlets attempt to protect and cover-up police misdeeds. It covers the tactics that are used by news media to distort the truth, lean in favor of the police, paint victims as criminals, and their control over the masses.

How I used it– Media always tends to be a key component of how some cops are able to get off with acts of excessive force by manipulating narratives and feeding the general public the half-truths that were reported by the police

  1. Why Police Lie

Background – The title of this opinion piece written by Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Alexander goes into detail of how it is police go about lying and how/why they are able to get away with it. She explains how people will plead guilty to crimes whether they actually did them or not, because they are aware that the chances of the jury taking their word over the officer’s are slim to none. She claims that police have an incentive to lie which is to meet an arrest quota, to save their own jobs, or protect another officer.

How I used it – Police lie, there are many cases of police perjury and there are many cases of police getting away with lying in their reports and in court. Both of which are illegal actions. How are we able to trust police to uphold justice when they will put their jobs over innocents? Knowing that police are fully capable of lying and getting away with it, then we should not bother trusting their words alone in trial.

  1. Body-Cam Video Released of Fatal Tulsa Shooting After Police Chase

Background – Body camera video of the shooting of alleged illegal weapons dealer, Eric Harris of Tulsa Oklahoma shows Harris running away from police and then being fatally shot in the back by 73 year old reserve deputy Robert Bates. The shooting was said to be an accident as the reserve deputy claims that he mistakenly grabbed his gun instead of his taser. What follows after Eric Harris is shot leaves many in shock. He is tackled and forced down by backup officers with one pressing his knew gets Harris’s head driving it into the ground. Harris claims that he cannot breathe and a friendly officer responds with “Fuck your breath”.

Proposal – The arrest of Eric Harris was justified. There were warrants for his arrest when it was discovered that he may be selling illegal firearms. It was set up as a by the books arrest. Eric Harris, unfortunately made it worse for himself by attempting to run from the police. What he and many others didn’t count on, was that he was going to be shot for fleeing. Many would expect that he would have been tasered and brought down by the police. Instead he was shot, forcibly taken down, and denied breathing space from the officers. Clear cut example of excessive force, and police incompetence that resulted in the death of a man who should have been arrested and put on trial.

  1. In One Quote, Morgan Freeman Said What Everyone’s Thinking about TV Coverage of Baltimore

Background – In an interview with the Daily Beast, actor Morgan Freeman expresses his opinion on the recent events of the mystery death of Baltimore citizen Freddie Gray while in custody of police. Rather he would if he properly knew the events of what was going on. With how the media was covering the subject you would think it was just about rioting Baltimore citizens. There was so much focus on the riots that many were not aware why they were rioting in the first place. Fed up with this incompetent media coverage, an exasperated Morgan Freeman asks “Where were all the cameras before the situation escalated into riots? People are saying, ‘You were not all there when we were just talking and trying to make a point, but if we set something on fire, all of a sudden you’re all here. Why is that? What’s the difference?” Finally topping off his questions with “Fuck the media”.

How I used it – The goal of this source is to support my claim of poor media coverage in the events of police brutality. The article discusses that the media will only show up when the situation reaches a boiling point instead of reporting what occurred prior to the riots and what caused the protests and riots in the first place. The media goes on to paint the community as dangerous and that it is no reason a police officer would kill an alleged criminal when they get their hands on them. This in a way works in the officers’ favor since the media is busy distracting viewers with footage of riots, it gives them time to form a good cover-up about the death of suspect.

  1. What Happens When Cops Kill Innocent People

Background – This article goes into detail about the process a police officer faces after killing an innocent or suspect. Police normally face the same consequences anyone else does after taking a person’s life. An investigation whether the killing was in self-defense, if the killing was premeditated, and the method in which they killed the person. Police officers however, are placed on paid leave until the investigation ends, or after they are convicted.

How I used it – This will mainly be used to describe the consequences that police face in cases of police brutality/excessive force.

  1. South Carolina Officer Is Charged With Murder of Walter Scott

Background – Michael Slager, a South Carolina officer, shoots and kills 50 year old Walter Scott after attempting to flee a traffic stop. Originally it was stated that Scott had taken officer Slager’s stun gun and threatened to use it on him. Slager said that he feared for his life and shot Walter Scott. However, in a released video shows that Walter Scott did not have Michael Slager’s stun gun and tried running away after getting into a scuffle. While he was running Slager shot him up to eight times in the back killing him moments later.

How I used it – This article will be used to support my claim that officers sometimes lie after they shoot and kill a suspect. They will often use the go to “He took my weapon” or “I feared for my life” in order to make them look like the victims and that they only shot in self-defense.

  1. The Growing Epidemic of Police Violence: Is It Times to De-Militarize Police Forces?

Background – An opinion/informational piece written by John W. Whitehead, attorney, president of The Rutherford Institute, and author of Battlefield America. Takes time to dissect the rise of police force against criminals and innocent civilians. Not only does the article list many instances of civilian deaths by the hands of police, but also how they are too heavily equipped for their jobs. Resembling something more of a domestic army instead of a simple local police force.

How I used it – The opinion piece was used to support my claim of police using excessive force leading to seriously injured or death of citizens. Whether they are innocent or suspects of a particular crime.

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A04 Visual Rhetoric Rewrite – kidhanekoma

Fatherhood Involvement

     Ad Council, an organization that specializes in brief PSAs, posted a video to their Youtube channel titled “Fatherhood Involvment – Kid Again”. Just by going from the title one could expect what the video to be about, however within the first five seconds of the video the viewer is introduced to a rather unusual sight. An adult man at the park, sitting and riding on a teeter-totter appearing to be smiling at a woman with a stroller. The woman who is very visually uncomfortable judging from her body language and facial expressions, pulls her stroller closer to her as if to protect her baby from this strange man. In the next scene, there is a man pressing his face against glass while making goof faces. But he pulls his face away as soon as he notices the store clerk looking at him. The store clerk gives the man a concerned and confused face that asks, “Is there something wrong with this man?” The next scene shows a man in a shirt and tie, bouncing on a trampoline, waving at his neighbors while continuing to jump and spin around on the trampoline.

At this point, the viewer will start to notice what do all these grown men have doing childish things have to do with being a father? It isn’t until we return to the scene with the man pressing his face against the glass that we see a little girl laughing at him. The store clerk changes his expression to a happy and approving tone at the realization that he must be the little girl’s father. After that scene, it is revealed that all the grown man who were acting like children, were simply playing with their children. This is when the advertisement begins its narrative on fathers being involved within their child’s life. It does not take much to do, the father just needs to remember how to be a kid again.

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Definition Rewrite — Entendu

Free Heroin and Its Purpose

Heroin is a dangerous drug that is highly addicting and can drastically change the life of anyone who takes it.  These properties make it seem like giving people this drug for free would be extremely dangerous and irresponsible.  The only thing is, due to the extremely addicting properties of heroin, giving out heroin for free under medical supervision is probably the safer thing to do.  The heroin that is given under medical supervision at a clinic is pure and along with the clean medical equipment that is also given freely makes for the safest way to get high.  Free Heroin Clinics are beneficial establishments created specially for heroin addicts that have tried to kick the habit before and could not.  This gives the addicts a safe place to do their drug for free, reducing the amount of heroin related crimes, overdoses, and diseases.

Free Heroin Clinics started for the people that have made an attempt, but could never actually kick the drug.  Addiction is viewed as a chronic disease which means that once someone is addicted, they will never be completely free from that addiction.  That means that some addicts that do not have the money or resources will do anything for their fix.  Committing violent crimes does not seem so bad in the eyes of the fiending addict who only has his eyes on a heroin filled needle in his arm.  That same heroin could kill him through an overdose, or even that needle could give him a death sentence from contracting HIV.  A Free Heroin Clinic eliminates all of these scenarios by providing the heroin to the addict for free so he does not have to take any drastic measure to get his high and by providing a safe amount of pure heroin and clean, unused needles.

The Free Heroin Clinic itself does not look much different from an ordinary doctor’s office.  Like most medical facilities, the waiting room is the worst part.  Once it is a patients turn, they get the choice to smoke their heroin or inject it.  If an addict wishes to inject his fix, he is brought to a booth and given pure substance and a sterilized needle.  When a patient decides to smoke his drug, he is put in a room for about seven people.  The clinics go above and beyond by providing things such as pre-cut tinfoil, condoms, and a drink that provides daily nutrition for the human body.

A heroin user’s life is not always over once he is addicted to the drug.  A free heroin clinic can put an addict’s life back on track while still giving him the drug up to three times daily. It helps addicts in different ways, some by letting them get high for free so they have the chance to get their life back together.  A patient at a Free Heroin Clinic in Vancouver said that it has given him time to put his life back together.  It has given him the time and resources to work on getting out of a homeless shelter, pay overdue bills, and work with a social worker to make his life whole once again.

The people that benefit from free heroin are not only the addicts, but also the public.  European countries that have already used free heroin clinics say that it has lowered crime rate, misery, and the spread of disease due to drug addiction.  Other methods used as treatment for heroin addicts such as Methadone clinics prove to be less effective yet more expensive.  A Methadone clinic runs similarly to a Free Heroin Clinic except they give out opiates in the form of pills and theses clinics are less successful. While at Methadone clinics 54 percent of participants return for treatment, 90 percent return to a Free Heroin Clinic.  Studies show that patients that used the Free Heroin Clinic saved $40,000 for the state compared to those of the Methadone clinic.  The Free Heroin Clinic is more cost efficient and more successful than a Methadone Clinic.

Drug abuse can cause severe problems in someone’s life.  Occasionally, the habit can be broken and that person can live a normal life.  When their addiction grows into a disease is when people should stop looking at why it is their fault for developing an addiction and how they can be helped.  A Free Heroin Clinic is what can give an addict a second chance at redeveloping their life and stop them from being detrimental to society.   Free Heroin Clinics benefit society because they eliminate the danger of addiction through providing pure heroin, sterilized needles, and a safer environment.

Works Cited

Hiebert, Paul. “The Only Place Where They’ll Inject You With Heroin for Free.” Pacific Standard. Pacific Standard, 3 June 2013. Web. 05 May 2015.

Roes, Thijs. “Only in the Netherlands Do Addicts Complain About Free Government Heroin | VICE News.” VICE News RSS. Vice News, 6 May 2014. Web. 04 May 2015.

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Proposal- taddo

My research paper will be based around Vancouver and how they are helping their heroin addicts with providing them with heroin. It seems very counterintuitive to simply hand out heroin to those that are heroin addicts. There is obviously a reason that they are doing this and for some reason they feel as though this will in return help the addicts in one way or another. It seems insane to give users their drug of choice, but clinics in Vancouver must have a different idea.

Vancouver Combats Heroin

Background: Article provided general information about what was going on in Vancouver and the details of the clinics and what was being provided and how.

How I Used It: I used this article as the basis of information. It give me the general details of the topic so I could understand what was going on.

The Only Place They’ll Inject You With Free Heroin

Background: Explains why Vancouver is doing what they are doing. Discusses why it works and also includes argument viewpoints.

How I Used It: I used this as an insight to arguments on this topic. There are a lot of opposing viewpoints and different opinions on the clinics and what they are doing there.

Prescription Heroin for Vancouver Addicts

Background: The article talks about how the clinics began and how they had to get approved to conduct them. It includes a lot of statistics and factual based information.

How I Used It: The article helped me in understanding some of the background on how the clinics got started, but I did not incorporate this information too much in my paper because I felt it did not fit. Although, parts of the article talk about how the addicts who were getting heroin were showing improvements and I used that information.

Vancouver Addicts Receive Prescription Heroin

Background: This article talked about what they are doing in Vancouver and how many people they have done it with. It also talks about trials that took place because of this situation. It also talked about how often addicts could receive a dosage

How I Used It: I used this because of how they gave them the heroin and how many times they were able to receive it.

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Research Position- taddo

Heroin has become a very popular and widely used drug in the city of Vancouver. Many people are already addicted to heroin, while more and more people begin to use the drug as well. An addiction is really a battle that people fight, and tend to lose as well. If effects every aspect of these people’s lives. From their job to relationships to finances, it can really hurt them in the long run. Addicts eventually run out of heroin and then they run out of money to get more. They result to almost anything when it comes to committing crimes and hurting the people they love and care about. When addicts need a fix, they are usually willing to go to the extreme lengths that it may take to get it. This has left the city of Vancouver with a very high crime rate to deal with, as well as addicts covering the streets.

To help rid the city of the negative effects of having so many heroin users and addicts, they decided to set up clinics called Insite. These clinics are safe zones for heroin addicts to go and receive free heroin. The safe zones provide them with not only heroin, but it gives them clean needles and it gives them a place to feel safe. The thing about these safe zones are exactly what the name says, they are safe. Addicts can go here and shoot up heroin without the fear of being arrested like out on the street. This may be keeping addicts off the street, but it is hard to say how much good this system is really doing.

It may seem insane that the city of Vancouver is actually offering heroin to the people that live there, but it helps them more then we would come to think. They are getting good clean heroin, really they are getting some of the best heroin around instead of getting it off the street; so it is reducing the use of street drugs. While of course heroin is still heroin, the stuff they are getting in the clinics is better then what they were finding on the streets of Vancouver. It is extremely difficult to say that this heroin is better for them, because obviously no heroin is really good for a person, but it is better then street drugs by a long shot. Not only are they receiving some of the best heroin, but they are receiving clean needles which they use to inject the drug. While most addicts tend to live off the streets, they also tend to use dirty or contaminated needles. Contaminated needles could lead to all kinds of problems for these addicts, aside from the problem of using the needles in the first place. Dirty needles can lead to transmitted diseases or sicknesses, which usually just lands these addicts in the hospital. Unsanitary needles are not the only reason these addicts end up in the hospital. Since they are not being monitored in the streets are where ever they had been doing heroin before, there is always the risk of a dangerous overdose, which would also land an addict in the hospital. In the clinics, if an overdose does occur, there are people that are trained to deal with it and make sure the overdose does not end in a death. They do not always have the money to pay for the treatments they need, but they still get treated. Not only are these clinics keeping them off the streets, but essentially they are keeping addicts out of the hospital as well.

With a situation like this, where there is a positive side, there is always a negative side as well. It sounds absurd to give people drugs that can harm them, and basically kill them. The thing that needs to be recognized about these clinics is that their main purpose really is not to get people clean from the drug. For most addicts, that is the goal of course, but for others it is really just containing the addiction. Some addicts are to the point of their addiction that the continuing to use the drug is better then trying to get clean. They have become so used to and accustomed to it that their body needs it to function and live. The clinics are not killing these people by giving them heroin instead of giving them the things they need to get clean, the clinics are just helping these people contain their drug habit the safest and cleanest way possible.

The clinics really help the city of Vancouver by keeping crime rate down because it keeps the people committing the crimes off the streets. Providing them with free heroin and free needles and a safe place to shoot up is preventing them from committing crimes to get their hands on some heroin. It also helps the addicts themselves because it allows them to be a functioning person in society. Getting the heroin from the clinics and having to go there to receive it gives these people their lives back, in a sense. Instead of them waking up wondering where they can get their fix that day and how they will get it or what they have to do to get it, they can wake up and report to the clinic in order to receive their fix. This way, everything is not dedicated to getting heroin anymore because it is being given to them for free. The clinics have definitely improved people’s lives and have helped some get back on their feet. Giving these addicts the free heroin actually does more good then harm in this situation.

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