Bibliography—TheGamer

Posted on February 13, 2024 by The Gamer 2.0

Bibliography -The Gamer 2.0

Proposal – My research essay will consist of different examples of why I believe that New Balances are the best shoes to buy. I will go in-depth about this and use different sources to help inform the reader and/or audience of my claims about it. Nike is very well known to have the most earnings and mostly buys out of all the shoe brands, but I believe that New Balance is and will be the top shoe one day. So this is what I will be researching for the next few weeks.

Source 1: 

Background: This article goes into the evolution of New Balance and how it functions as a running shoe, among many other things. It talks about how the brand focuses on its quality craftsmanship, how it overcomes stereotypes, and how it attracts a younger and more diverse audience. It’s able to adapt to modern-day collaborations and marketing strategies in the competitive sneaker market.

Intention: I intend to use this article to help explain the rise of these shoes and how they became so popular in the shoe industry. The article goes into detail about how New Balance was able to adapt to this day and age and this diverse environment. It helped when writing this essay because I was able to really understand in depth how they use marketing strategies to develop in the competitive sneaker market scene. 

https://stories.complex.com/new-balance-reinvention

Source 2:

Background: This article goes into the topic of New Balance and explains their commitment to craftsmanship since they first began in 1906. Started as the “dad-core” kicks and slowly progressed into NYC fashion, now becoming a show that is recommended by many for its style, fitness, support, lightweight design, etc. This article goes into the different shoes and gives more information about them.

Intention: I intend to use this article to explain the numerous different styles and facts about shoes and their ability to offer versatile and comfortable footwear for various lifestyles. But I wasn’t really able to use this article that much; it wasn’t really any help.

https://www.shape.com/best-new-balance-shoes-7976306

Source 3:

Background: This article will go into the recent rise to fame in the fashion and sneaker industries.  It talks about the success of the increased sales and key factors explaining why it has been on the rise and is still going to be the top shoe in the game. The new balance has widened its supply and demand, as well as endorsements with celebrities and partnerships that will help them rise to the top. 

Intention:I intend to explain why New Balance is dominating right now in the industry of sneakers and will continue to dominate with its audience growing larger and larger by the day. I used the article to really explain the endorsements that helped the brand grow to where it is now, and this article helped a lot.

https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/heres-new-balance-dominating-right-now

Source 4:

Background: This article will provide an in-depth guide to understanding the New Balance show model and its numbering system. It goes on to explain the model numbers and their specific meaning, including the activity and category. To add on, it talks about the significance of “Made in UK” and “Made in US” labels and discusses the differences in both construction and quality.

Intention: I intend to explain the New Balance in a way that is understandable to individuals on the difference between the location of its manufacturing and also its different models and systems.I didn’t really use this article in my essay, but it was an interesting piece to get ready for.

https://www.insidehook.com/style/guide-new-balance-model-numbers

Source 5:

Background: This article goes into the transformation of New Balance and how they changed their image from the “Dad Shoe” to now a worldwide fashion shoe appealing to the younger demographic. It also talks about the success that it had in the market and how it gained credibility in the fashion world, reaching a wider audience with its commitment to comfort and quality.

Intention: I intend to express how the shoe that was once known as the dad shoe can make a huge change in its audience and is now able to get the eyes of so many, from young to old, expanding its demographic on a huge scale. I used this article to elaborate more on how New Balance caught the eyes of the young kids, and that became one of the factors in their upbringing.

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/from-dad-shoe-fashion-forward-remarkable-rise-new-balance

Source 6:

Background: This article discusses the urge for New Balance among young consumers and how sales figures have increased and grown in popularity. It has experienced significant growth, becoming one of the top-selling brands on StockX. Recent partnerships with fashion labels like Aime Leon and Miu Miu have increased and played a big part in its expansion on the market.

Intention:I intend to explain the reasons why a new balance is worth purchasing when it’s collaborated with many different companies that help expand its value every day. I used this article to help me express how their popularity grew on shoe platforms and their partnerships as well.

https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/fashion-beauty/article/3206550/why-everyone-buying-new-balance-sneakers-dad-shoe-right-trend-has-had-high-profile-collaborations

Source 7: https://www.nssmag.com/en/fashion/35532/new-balance-collaborazioni

Background: This article discusses the collaborations in the sneaker industry and how they focus on New Balance’s strategic approach. It talks about how New Balance has connected with various subcultures, celebrities, and fashion brands that are involved in expanding and building up the brand. The article also points out New Balance’s ability to balance its collaborations in different markets and price points while also maintaining its relevance. It highlights the collaborations showcased at Paris Fashion Week and demonstrates their collaborations with major fashion brands.

Intention:I used this article to show how New Balance was able to make collaborations around the world and use influencers to uplift the brands in various ways. This article gave me some ideas when writing this essay, and I was able to talk about New Balance with this article in a way that was beneficial.

Soucre 8: https://www.heddels.com/2019/07/new-balance-brand-history-philosophy-iconic-products/

Background: The article talks about how New Balance has been a prominent player in the sneaker market, just like famous brands like Adidas and Nike. It talks about how New Balance first started by focusing on producing arch supports and then later expanded into track shoes with ripped soles for traction. After that, New Balance boomed, and then their commitment to quality and comfort grew in popularity in the market.

Intention: I used this article to express how New Balance was able to boom in the market because of its quality and ability to produce a shoe that has everything that people want. I explain that New Balance is one of the top brands when it comes to the shoe game and has lately boomed because of how they are able to market so well.

Source 9:https://civicscience.com/brand-to-watch-new-balance/

Background: This article talks about the growth of New Balance and how they are able to grow so prominently. It talks about the revenue that they have made, reaching over $5 billion in 2022. The growth has been driven by expanding their product and their brand collaborations and sponsorships as well. New Balance’s success contributed a little in part to its nostalgic efforts, bringing back the old “Dad Shoes,” which somehow brought the brand to where it is right now.

Intention: I used this article in my essay to explain how New Balance was really able to capture the audience of many people, especially the new generation, by bringing the throwbacks. That really caught the attention of many, and New Balance marketed this so that they were able to get more attention from them.

Source 10:https://runrepeat.com/new-balance-shoe-statistics

Background: This article gives an overview of New Balance and how it has evolved since 1938 and utilizes data to touch on the company’s history. The article shows key statistics that include revenue and market share, highlights the growth over the years, and gives points on its significant presence in the U.S. shoe market. It talks about how New Balance is aiming to increase its brand and manufacturing by 2025.

Intention:I used this article to give some statistics on how New Balance was able to elevate to where they are now. This article shows the numbers compared to the other leading brands that are at the top of the market right now. I intend to use the statistics mentioned in the article to express why New Balance is the best shoe on the market.

Posted in Bibliography (Proposal+5), Portfolio—TheGamer, TheGamer2.0 | 1 Comment

Bibliography (Proposal +5) – Gymrat27

Posted on February 13, 2024 by Gymrat

My research proposal:

The point of my research proposal is to show the issues of social media in correlation with body dysmorphia. specifically with people comparing themselves to people on Instagram because they believe everything that is being seen. the point is to show how social media shows false body imagery because positioning, Photoshop, and lighting can change how a person’s body looks compared to in person. People see the posts, specifically posts made by famous artists, and start comparing their bodies to them. people then develop a body imagery issue, thinking they are not enough and have to look like those on the screen. Causing them to develop unrealistic body goals because they think everyone is the same. Due to this, it causes eating disorders specifically targeting adolescents.

Source one:

https://pakistanbmj.com/journal/index.php/pbmj/article/view/205

The source gave a correlation between social media creating unrealistic body images to people wanting it in real life. this was backed up by research to see whether or not this was true. The articles mainly researched were from 2014-2021 specifically articles in English. the results came back to be that there is in fact a correlation between body dysmorphia from social media and eating disorders specifically to those who are highly addicted to scrolling.

use:

I would use this source to start the initial backup of my claim, giving a basic background statistical research that was done showing there is data for the reader to refer back to if they were questioning how much social media truly affects those who scroll through social media constantly.

Source 2:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1697260020300521

The source is another statistic specifically focusing on the use of Instagram and how it affects both men and women equally on body dysmorphia concerns. the study is done by having 796 participants both men and women to prove that gender was also not a distinguishing issue for the problem. To add the results proved this and showed that there was a significant appearance comparison with the other users and even saw that people would make comments on others’ bodies due to imperfections.

use:

another statistic proving the issue of Instagram use and body dysmorphia. this one specifically also proves that people are extremely cruel and even make negative comments in comparison to others’ bodies to make themselves feel better about their own. to add the source also shows that it is not gender biased, body dysmorphia is a real struggle for both men and women.

source 3:

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/6/2880

The main point of this study is the association between people and social media driving people to want to look like an image driving them to do whatever to look like it. The source did their own study with 1331 subjects between the ages 15 to 35; with 193 patients already suffering from eating disorders. Everyone in this test filled out a survey and showed that there was an association between the frequency of comparing their own physical appearance to those followed on social media specifically making people dissatisfied with their body. The comparison led people to be highly vulnerable to eating disorders.

use:

This is another piece of evidence backing up my claim. specifically towards the vulnerability. specifically to those of younger age. the study also has a wide pool of people participating in it showing that it is a reliable source and can be more generalized.

sources 4:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15213269.2016.1257392

This source shows a study being done between girls ages of 14-18 comparing their original photo to the same photo just manipulated. the study shows the girls liking the manipulated photo more than the original, as well as lowering their self esteem while looking at the original. This showed negative impact due to the fact that the manipulated photo were not real and the girls wanting to look like them lowering their own self esteem with their own image manipulated.

use:

people seem to compare themselves go photos of people online because it is something they desire to look like real or not. The reality of it is that usually the photos posted are manipulated in some way. This source gives me evidence to back up that claim. when the girls were comparing the same original photo to the manipulated one they tended to like the manipulated one more because of the want to look like that, and start hating the one they naturally look like.

source 5:

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1461444817694499

This is another study done to measure Instagram use and peoples body imagery concern. This test was done specifically on women in both Australia and the United States. The test showed that those with low self-confidence tended to compare themselves more to those on social media rather than those with higher confidence. to add the images looked at more was the fitinspiration images on Instagram making people more concerned with their own body image. this was shown to negatively influence women

use:

I want to use this as an additional study to the claim of people comparing themselves to bodies that could potentially not be real. the more they saw a picture the more it was scrolled through. again this would be something I could use to show comparison not being real and all of it being subjective in our heads because of the human belief that social media could be real but deep down inside everyone knows there is a false reality to it.

source 6:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0190740914000693

This article is about the impact of social media use and social interaction bringing different impacts in society overall. Presenting the negative attributes that come with social media and its use of it towards body dysmorphia. They also studied the different communications among all the ages that could cause body image issues among other ones too.

use:

This article would be used to see the impact of social media everywhere not just in the United States. With the different set ups of communication and how It can destroy peoples mental health because of the derealization with reality, eventually leading to believing false bodies on the media.

source 7:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174014452200064X?via%3Dihub

This article focused on the body image inclusiveness of accepting all body choices, not just the ideals and allowing everyone to feel included whether the body was ideal or not. There has not been much success with this, as not everyone feels included still.

use:

for this I talked about the positives being used, but how they were still not enough for people to believe different. Regardless of what is included or not body image is something deeply struggled with, especially with girls, therefore they will never be satisfied. Wether the body is accepted or not.

source 8:

Talked to Mikeymikebw in person for 45 minutes about the topic.

In this I talked to Mikey about body imagery among his clients and how they feel when they start hitting the gym and why. As well as their feeling after. In the end it always came back to wanting more than what they already had. people even those with nice physiques want to change because they are never fully happy and think there is more potential because of what they see on social media.

Use:

I use the key points of the discussion to set my point across about body image. Showing that no matter what people will constantly struggle because of the constant comparison being right infornt of our faces. rather than you bettering yourself you are trying to be better than others.

source 9:

https://www.proquest.com/docview/2017969955?accountid=13605&parentSessionId=T1FB%2B1nadyYdNsYLn%2BdDT65If%2BwHZklEtuR2ZxEfC3g%3D&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals

The study focused on the influence of social media on body image. this mainly focused on the eating disorders that are developed when wanting to change their bodies.

I used this study to talk about the social media negatives towards body image as well as how it develops eating disorders. starting from the age of 6 if kids have access to social media they start being worried of becoming fat. This is mainly seen in girls, which is why a lot of the body image issues have to girls, mainly adolescents.

Posted in Bibliography (Proposal+5), GymRat | 1 Comment

Annotated Bibliography—NatureChild

Posted on February 13, 2024 by Naturechild101

My Research Proposal:

The goal of my research essay will be to find out if there was even a small difference in the size or location of the sun, how might it make life on Earth unsustainable for more than 100 years. Sustainability offers opportunities to people who want to take control of their own lifestyles and make better choices for the rest of their lives and the lives coming after them. Observations from the University of California depict that the earth’s tilt in orbit affects how much solar energy is provided by the sun and any angle or position causes rapid climate change, affects glacial periods, and disturbs the carbon that’s transferred between the ocean, atmosphere, and organisms on earth. My intention for this research is to provide a perception of how life on Earth could go from a sustainable, flourishing, naturally resourceful habitat to a polluted, radiation-imbalanced, floating rock that makes life difficult for more than 100 years.

My Sources:

1.) https://ugc.berkeley.edu/background-content/earths-spin-tilt-orbit/

Background and Usage

This source helps the viewer understand what Earth’s spin, tilt, and orbit has influence over. The spin, tilt, and orbit influences the amount of solar energy and radiation also referred to as “insolation, a part of the globe receives, the small changes in the Earth’s position could change the climate. This includes alterations in the length and intensity a season could have, reduction of the amount of energy absorbed on the surface of the planet causing severe temperature fluctuation, and more. I intend to use this source to show how position change of the planet could affect the temperature, duration of seasons and a basic cause and effect the decreased distance between the sun and the Earth would cause.

2.) https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/power-sun/

Background and Usage

The sun has to be the closest star to Earth and produces sun rays to create solar energy, light, heat, and photosynthesis to flora seeking a home on Earth. Photosynthesis is a crucial tool for a plant to stay alive and reproduce, the existence of plants ultimately effect how animals reproduce and thrive while also supporting clean air and food for humans to consume. Without the heat’s presence, winds would cease and there would not be any formation of clouds or ocean currents, this results in no transportation for water anywhere. I intend to use this source to show the basic “domino” effect the retraction from the Sun would cause for different organisms using the world as a home. Take away one resource, everything dependent on it will suffer.

3.) https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/what-if/what-if-earth-changed-its-orbit.htm#:~:text=The%20closer%20you%20are%20to,Earth%20would%20continue%20to%20rise.

Background and Usage

This source explains that the world is moving as we are living on it, we just can’t feel the movement. A force called the “gravitational pull” keeps human beings from flying off the surface of the Earth and into the orbit of space, it keeps matter of any form grounded. Without the orbit, the Earth will be directly pulled towards the Sun since the Sun’s gravitational pull is 274 m/s^2, it overpowers the Earth’s gravitational pull being a mere 9.807 m/s^2. My intention for this source is to support the fact that the world would potentially cool and freeze resulting in iced-over oceans affecting vapor and carbon dioxide release and making years longer. It also supports the claim that the world would become uninhabitable in 100 years time.

4.) https://www.livescience.com/is-earth-moving-closer-farther-sun

Background and Usage

This source explains how the sun controls the tide activity through a gravitational “tidal Bulge” that occurs on Earth, it slowly pulls the Earth further from the sun. The source also informs the reader that if the world was ever a far distance from the sun, the light seen from the sun would be dimmer, as a result of this, a 0.4% reduction of radiation and reduction of solar energy in terms of hitting the Earth’s surface. I intend to use this source to emphasize the effects that would occur on the Earth if the sun were to be further away.

5.) https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/resource-library-earth-sun-relationships/

Background and Usage

This source depicts the relationship the Earth has with the sun, explaining the different things the sun can affect. It controls and regulates the Earth’s properties such as biodiversity, seasons, photosynthesis, and climate. I intend to use this source to further show the relationship the Earth has with the Sun while driving my point as to why any changes regarding the Sun or Earth’s position can greatly affect how sutible earth is to preserve life.

6.) Johnson, Yvonne. “The Effect of Sunlight on Animals & Plants.” Sciencing, https://sciencing.com/the-effect-of-sunlight-on-animals-plants-13427960.html. Accessed 7 April 2024.

Background and Usage

This source goes into detail on how sunlight provides positive effects on plants and animals. Everything directly and indirectly relies on each other so it’s like a cursed domino effect, If one system goes down, the rest will follow. The sun provides energy and light to the plant to help them produce sugars that help them survive and store energy. For animals, the sun provides vitamin D for the skin. Herbivores benefit from the plants because when they digest something full of energy, they too receive energy to carry on.

7.) Kon, Rebecca. “Food from Sunlight | The Huntington.” Huntington Library, https://huntington.org/educators/learning-resources/survival-through-adaptation/getting-food/food-sunlight.  Accessed 7 April 2024.

Background and Usage

This source educates readers about the “food” the sun can provide to plants to continue existing. Plants make their own food, using the sun rays and water provided. They also produce carbon dioxide to support a necessary system called Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is when living organisms and plants use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from the sun, water, and carbon dioxide.

8.) “The light in the ocean, much more than the engine of photosynthesis.” Institut de Ciències del Mar, 4 March 2021, https://www.icm.csic.es/en/news/light-ocean-much-more-engine-photosynthesis.   Accessed 7 April 2024.

Background and Usage

This source was chosen to emphasize the sun’s importance to the ocean. The light from the sun’s rays can penetrate water molecules found in the ocean and disperse their forces. This gives the ocean the ability to be heated. Not only can the sun be used as a source for the photosynthesis process, but it also provides living organisms with a source of light that helps them adapt to the spaces around them. Animal displacement could cause issues for different habitats because becoming an invasive species could lead to a demise.

9.) “Sun Safety.” Johns Hopkins Medicine, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/sun-safety . Accessed 7 April 2024.

Background and Usage

This source supplies information about sun safety and the precautions to take when dealing with the sun’s rays. Even though the sun provides humans, animals, and living organisms with nutrients of vitamin D, unprotected exposure to the UV Rays could lead to severe damage to the eyes, skin, and immune systems and could eventually lead to cancer. A lot of people tan to get more melanin, as a result, excessive color pigmentation occurs giving that “tan” look. Having darker skin doesn’t automatically mean your skin cannot get damaged, and it doesn’t prevent cancer either. This source supports my thesis by stating, too much sun exposure could have deadly affects. If the Sun’s position was too close, we would all be getting a free ticket for cancer.

10.) Culver, R. (2017, August 17). How ancient cultures explained eclipses. Colorado State University News. Retrieved March 6, 2024, from https://source.colostate.edu/ancient-cultures-explained-eclipses/

Background and Usage

This source is important to my research because it supports the idea of how important the sun is as a resource and the benefits that it provides. Ancient cultures in Vietnam, China, Egypt, Mayas, and more have all provided examples as to why the sun is seen as a “divine power” to the community. Because eclipses were seen as some sort of evil, a time when monsters come to take bites out of the moon, they adapted to producing large amounts of sound to help the sun overcome this evil.

11.) Martin, J. B. (n.d.). The Plant-Soil Relationship – KidsGardening. Kids Gardening. Retrieved March 10, 2024, from https://kidsgardening.org/resources/lesson-plans-the-plant-soil-relationship/

Background and Usage

I chose this source because it provides information about the relationship between plants and soil. Soil is used to keep plants in place on the ground to help them absorb nutrients found in the soil. If the sun was too close, the soil would dry up very quickly and any water or food in the soil would not be sustainable. If the sun was too far away, the soil would freeze, the roots of the plant would freeze and break, and plants would essentially die because of the lack of sunlight, and their anchor in the ground would be gone.

12.) National Weather Service. “Solar and Lunar Eclipses – Sioux Falls.” National Weather Service, https://www.weather.gov/fsd/suneclipse . Accessed 12 April 2024.

Background and Usage

This source basically talks about how the Sun’s change in position would cause eclipses to occur more and less frequently. The sun’s size and position could definitely affect whether eclipses are total or annular.


13.) 2A: Solar Energy and the Water Cycle. (n.d.). SERC. Retrieved March 11, 2024, from https://serc.carleton.edu/eslabs/weather/2a.html

Background and Usage

The purpose of this source is to define the climate- Earth’s energy balance. it goes into how the water cycle occurs, what processes go into, and what gets affected during or after this. Energy from the sun drives how the water cycle operates, where it happens, and how the process supports living organisms on Earth. The water cycle is that the sun’s rays heat up the affected water, causing evaporation, this goes into the clouds, when the clouds move around while full and heavy gravity eventually makes all the water come out to different areas. If the Sun was too close, the water would evaporate rapidly to the point of boiling. This will heat up the water to dangerous temperatures, eventually killing everything inside the body of water. The water cycle will stop. If the sun was too far, the process will reduce tremendously in power, less to no water will be collected, and the habitats and organisms dependent on the transported water would die.

14.) Science Learning Hub. “Light and shadows — Science Learning Hub.” Science Learning Hub, 23 May 2019, https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2771-light-and-shadows.   Accessed 12 April 2024.

Background and Usage

This source explains how the Sun’s change in position would shorten and lengthen the days and seasons, drastically changing how time and seasons are perceived on Earth. The way the Earth is set on a tilt affects how the sun’s angle changes seasonally. If the Sun moves farther, at a lower angle, the heat source will be spread out broadly, and less heat gets to the floor. If the sun was closer and higher to the Earth, more heat would be generated at a more intense volume and this would cause overheating and drying out of certain areas.

15.) NASA. “Our Sun: Facts.” NASA Science, https://science.nasa.gov/sun/facts/.  Accessed 12 April 2024.

Background and Usage

This source is solely to express how important the sun is to our solar system. The sun is 4.5 billion years old made of hydrogen and helium, and a lengthy 93 million miles away from the Earth. With a diameter of 865,000 miles and about 1.4 million kilometers, the sun holds the solar system together by gravity, keeping everything in equilibrium. If there was a shift change in the sun, the whole solar system would basically collapse and all life forces on all planets would suffer negative effects.

Posted in Bibliography (Proposal+5), NatureChild, Portfolio—NatureChild | 1 Comment

Bibliography – Thatpersonoverthere 

Posted on February 13, 2024 by thatpersonoverthere

I propose that using traditional media such as brushes and paints is more relaxing than using digital media. I feel that when someone is attempting to calm down they need to work with calming materials and to hear calming sounds when doing so, as well as feeling something calming. This calming effect may also be heightened when working with pastel colors.

S1

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686904

Background: This study that takes the account of 146 college students, highlights the damage that social media has caused a spike in mental illness during the pandemic. 

Intent: I intend to use this as a jumping off point to explain why using a coping mechanism in the first place can be helpful to some people. That they

 could even color with their friends over zoom.

Use: i didn’t really end up using this document like this at all, I scrapped it in favor of more information about art therapy

S2

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9472646

Background: this document explains what art therapy is and how it can be helpful to those who are going through a mental health crisis. And concludes that the effectiveness of art therapy cannot be determined due to art therapy also being used along side other forms of therapy.

Use: I want to use this to highlight that art therapy alone isn’t enough if someone is genuinely going through a mental health crisis. But if someone is just having a bad day and wants to brighten it up a bit, getting some dollar store paint and brushes might fix it. 

I used this in my definition argument

S3

Digital Vs. Traditional Art: Is One Better Than the Other?

Background: This article goes over the pros and cons of traditional vs digital media in an artistic setting. Concluding that digital media may be cost effective it cannot replace the immediate tangible result that comes with traditional art.

Use: I intend to use this to bridge the gap between types of drawn art. I will not consider the notion of AI as it does not require artistic skill. 

I did use this to attempt to advocate for traditional media over digital in regards to art therapy.
S4

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10187545

Background: investigatives the effectiveness of digital art making in regards to art therapy and special needs high school students. This finds that digital media can be helpful to explore in traditional art making. 

Use: I want to use this to prove that while digital art creation can be fun and may result in being calming it can’t beat using traditional materials. 

Update I used the article to argue the use above.

S5

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00739/full

Background: This is an article that explains the correlation between art and it’s calming effects as art activates reward areas of the brain. This could potentially lead to better mental wellbeing 

Use: I will use this to highlight the fact that art has a similar effect to gambling and that holding the thing that you spend hours on in your hands is more rewarding than through a screen due to the fact that you can then display it at any time. Where as a screen could be corrupted or die.

Update: i have argued this exact point.

S6

Abbie Kasoff

Background: I had a phone conversation with miss Kasoff that cleared up some misconceptions I held regarding the meaning of art therapy, that art with therapeutic intent is isn’t art therapy

Use: to define art therapy through the lens of someone who used to be an art therapist.

S7

Lin-Fisher, Betty, and Bailey Schulz. “What Is so Special about Stanley Cups? The Psychology behind the Year’s Thirstiest Obsession.” USA Today, January 31, 2024. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/shopping/2024/01/13/stanley-cup-obsession-explained/72176008007/. 

Background: this article talks about the trend of the Stanley cup and how they have been influential in society. Stanely cups are basically just an astetic cup that people, mostly women, like to collect

Use: I didn’t exactly use this article at all, I already knew what Stanley Cups were and how they were influential in the zigist. I just went off my own knowledge of Stanley cups and how their popularity could signal that there is a bit of a problem with how America views individualism. The cups are customizable which in theory can make them unique, but if everyone has a Stanley Cup then are they really that special?

S8

Bellaiche, Lucas, Rohin Shahi, Martin Harry Turpin, Anya Ragnhildstveit, Shawn Sprockett, Nathaniel Barr, Alexander Christensen, and Paul Seli. “Humans versus AI: Whether and Why We Prefer Human-Created Compared to AI-Created Artwork – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications.” SpringerOpen, July 4, 2023. https://cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41235-023-00499-6. 

Background : this article talks about why we as humans prefer human art over computer generated art. One of art’s purposes is to express the human experience.

use: This was used to argue that art generated by humans is more meaningful then that of a computer. So if AI was used for art therapy then it would negate the very definition of art therapy

S9

Xuejun Du, Pengcheng An, Justin Leung, April Li, Linda E. Chapman, Jian Zhao, DeepThInk: Designing and probing human-AI co-creation in digital art therapy, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,Volume 181,2024,103139,ISSN 1071-5819, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103139.

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581923001489)

Background: Ai was tested to figure whether or not it would be useful for art therapy. Five art therapists tested an AI called DeepThInk for their hypothesis. A claim that was brought up is that this new AI would allow for a better starting point for the therapy patient.

Use: I used this argument in my Rebuttal because it made no sense to me. I’ve established that people like art for it’s ability to convey complex emotions, and for people who participate in art therapy this would be beneficial. So it makes no sense to try to replicate their art, their feelings with computers, because then it’s not their emotions, it’s what the computer thinks human emotions are.

S10

Stanko-Kaczmarek, M., & Kaczmarek, L. D. (2016). Effects of Tactile Sensations during Finger Painting on Mindfulness, Emotions, and Scope of Attention. Creativity Research Journal, 28(3), 283–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2016.1189769

Background: This article discusses the benefits of tactile sensations when finger painting and how this would be beneficial to art therapy. Mindfulness and better concentration is beneficial to art therapy because it helps to put the patient into the proper head space.

Use: to argue the benefits of tactile media and how it would help a patient.

Posted in Bibliography (Proposal+5), Portfolio—ThatPersonOverThere, ThatPersonOverThere | 2 Comments

Bibliography (Proposal +5) — ExcellentStudent27

Posted on February 13, 2024 by excellentstudent27

Proposal:

This proposal advocates for the integration of NCAA Football overtime rules into the NFL, specifically incorporating an additional 15-minute play period followed by a shootout if teams remain tied. The motivation behind this suggestion stems from the perceived shortcomings of the current NFL overtime system, which often concludes a game with the first touchdown scored, potentially leaving one team without an opportunity to compete. By adopting a system that mirrors the NCAA Football overtime format, the proposal aims to enhance the fairness of the competition and increase the entertainment value for fans. It suggests that such a change would not only make games more exciting by extending play but also address issues of equity by ensuring both teams have an equitable chance to win in overtime.

The expected outcome of implementing NCAA Football’s overtime rules into the NFL is a more equitable distribution of winning opportunities between competing teams and an increase in fan engagement due to the heightened excitement of additional playtime and a decisive shootout phase. This approach is anticipated to alleviate criticisms directed towards the NFL’s current sudden death format by guaranteeing that both teams receive a fair chance to compete post-regulation time. By exploring the benefits and challenges associated with this proposed change, the proposal sets forth a compelling argument for the NFL to consider adopting a more balanced and engaging overtime format, thereby improving the game for players, teams, and spectators alike.

Bibliography:

NFL Overtime Coin Toss Statistics [Fresh Research]


The analysis of overtime coin toss outcomes in NFL games reveals that winning the toss does not assure victory, with varying success rates influenced by the period and prevailing rules. Between 2000 and 2018, teams winning the first possession ended games 52.7% of the time, but the rate of achieving a first down by teams receiving the kickoff was only 48% from 2011 to 2017. Notably, in 2020, 62.5% of overtime games ended with the team that had the opening possession winning, compared to 71.4% in 2012. The effectiveness of winning the opening toss has fluctuated over years, demonstrating the role of multiple factors, including strategy and luck, in determining the outcome of overtime games.

How I intend to use this:

This source will help me dictate the statistics of the current NFL overtime rules. Being able to provide these will help me prove the current “unfairness” of the rules. From there I will be able to compare with the statistics from College rules and come to a conclusion.

College Football Overtime Outcomes: Implications for In-Game Decision-Making


This study looks at college football overtime games, using data and machine learning to figure out if there’s a better way for coaches to decide end-game strategies, especially when a game goes into overtime. Choosing to play defense or offense first in overtime doesn’t really affect the game’s outcome, which goes against what most people think. So, it’s like flipping a coin doesn’t give any team a big advantage, and the whole idea of overtime is to make the game’s result more exciting and fair.

How I intend to use this:

I will use this source to provide the reader with statistics regarding current college football overtime rules. This source proves that overtime is practically 50/50 and both teams are provided equal opportunity to win the game. I will compare these statistics with the NFL statistics

NFL overtime rules: Should the league consider adopting college football’s OT format?


The discussion revolves around the NFL’s overtime rules, contrasting them with college football’s approach to ensure both teams get possession in overtime. Critics argue the NFL’s system, where a game can end if the team that wins the coin toss scores a touchdown on its first possession, may be unfair. In contrast, college football’s format allows both teams offensive and defensive opportunities, aiming for a more equitable outcome. Recent NFL playoff statistics highlight a high win rate for teams winning the coin toss, fueling the debate on whether the NFL should adopt college football’s overtime rules for a fairer chance to both teams.

How I intend to use this:

This source will help my argument by providing supporting evidence that college football rules are overall more fair to both teams no matter the outcome of the coin toss in overtime.

The New Rules for NFL Overtime


The article discusses the NFL’s adoption of new overtime rules to address the advantage previously given to the team winning the coin toss. A Markov chain model is used to analyze the effects, showing a more balanced outcome with the new rules. Additionally, it explores a “cut-and-choose” proposal, likening it to fair division in game theory, as a potentially fairer but more complex alternative. The new system is appreciated for reducing the coin toss advantage without significantly extending game length, deemed a reasonable choice by the NFL.

How I intend to use this:

This article discusses the NFL’s previous attempt at making overtime rules equally fair to both participating teams. I will mention this in my paper to show the NFL’s progress in adjusting rules to ensure both teams are given equal opportunities in overtime.

63% of NFL fans think the overtime rules need to change

After a pivotal NFL Divisional Round game where the Kansas City Chiefs won against the Buffalo Bills, discussions are anticipated in the spring among owners regarding potential rule changes, especially concerning the NFL’s overtime format. The current overtime rules, which end the game if the team with initial possession scores a touchdown, have been criticized after the Chiefs’ victory highlighted the significant advantage the coin-toss winner holds in the postseason. A nationwide poll revealed 63% of NFL fans demand a change in these overtime rules.

How I intend to use this:

This source is useful to my paper as I intend to speak on the benefits of entertainment when it comes to overtime rules in the NFL. This article provides statistic about fans who are unhappy with the current rules, which in turn would support my paper about making a change.

Posted in Bibliography (Proposal+5), ExcellentStudent | 1 Comment

Bibliography (Proposal +5) – ravensfan

Posted on February 13, 2024 by ravensfan8

Proposal:

For my research essay I will be informing and describing how exercising multiple times a week can benefit you mentally. Exercising multiple times a week can clear your mind and make you focused. Most people understand that working out is very beneficial if you want to stay in shape or lose weight. It is helpful just to be healthy in your day to day life. Those are all great things but exercises can go deeper than that. That is why I want to research and share why it can help mentally.

Source 1:

Men’s General Health

Background: This goes extremely deep into why some men have shorter lives than women. Men tend to be unhealthy and often do not take care of themselves. Working out helps men get into a better head space. It can help men be more determined and want to achieve more. 

Intention: I intend to use this article to help me single and men. This gives me a ton of information and life expectancy on men. The article goes in detail on why men can be unhealthy and mentally down. 

Source 2:

https://www.siegeljcc.org/blog/2022/01/24/fitness/the-health-benefits-of-exercise/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiAw6yuBhDrARIsACf94RVfxkOef7Re9OWXbnKX7fVv5lXoK1jJz4yYpHwc-5ngSR9XeQq6lq4aAtY2EALw_wcB

Background: Exercising is a huge part of a steady lifestyle. If you cultivate a healthy exercise routine then this will improve your mental health. Working out helps people that are depressed and have anxiety make it go away or help control it.

Intention. I intend to use this resource to help make my audience understand how exercising helps people with depression. This article goes in depth on how it can change your mental

Source 3:

The Mental Health Benefits of Exercise

Background: Working out multiple times a week is essential to having an organized lifestyle. It helps you have a structured schedule going from day to day. This helps you have a strong mindset because you understand what you will get done everyday. Exercising also gives you an enormous sense of well being. It can also relieve stress and you need to get something out of your head. 

Intention: I intend on using this article to help convince my audience that working out multiple times a week helps you build a schedule. I plan to use many points in this article.

Source 4:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/exercise-and-stress/art-20044469

Background: Exercising is a big stress reliever for people. It helps take whatever problem or thing you have to do off your mind. People work out to relieve stress because it is better than eating a bunch of junk food or being lazy. It is a great way to get things off your mind because you are working out for 45 minutes to an hour. It is also a healthy decision to make.

Intention. I plan to use this information to help make people understand that working out is a great way to relieve stress. It is a way to get rid of stress in a healthy way.

Source 5:

https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/pa-health/index.htm

Background: There are many benefits of exercising. A big one is improving brain health and strength. Working out can strengthen your brain by making you focus on that one thing. It helps you stay determined in life. “Benefits include improved thinking or cognition for children 6 to 13 years of age and reduced short-term feelings of anxiety for adults.”

Intention. I intend on using this article to explain how exercising can help you improve brain health. This helps make my point of exercising but it is not just the physical benefits but the mental benefits.

Posted in Bibliography (Proposal+5), RavensFan | 1 Comment

Bibliography (Proposal+5)-Eaglesfan

Posted on February 13, 2024 by Brandon Sigall

Proposal: For my research piece, I am going to be diving into the baseball world and Major League Baseball to be exact. There have been rule changes made in the last two years to change the game of baseball. One of those rule changes was pitchers having a limited amount of time before throwing a pitch and the batter also has a limited time to get set in the batter’s box. I wanted to figure out how low that pitch clock can be and if because it is so low will it better pitcher’s stats. Implementing this new rule could allow for more action on basepaths while making pitchers better.

Source 1:https://sports.yahoo.com/pitchers-are-adamant-mlbs-pitch-clock-will-give-them-an-edge-over-hitters-will-spring-training-games-prove-it-175136106.html

Background: The pitchclock rule has been a rule for over a year now. This article details how pitchers in the MLB believe the pitch clock will help them to become better pitcher’s and increase stats. It also talks about how pitchers are getting used to the new rule and settling in to it.

Intent: I will use this article as a way to see what pitcher’s in the league like the rules and see which ones are not against them and just settle in to them. If the pitcher’s are adamant about the rule those ones would probably have more success as they go in with a positive mindset.

Source 2:https://www.daytondailynews.com/sports/ask-hal-so-who-benefits-most-from-mlb-pitch-clock/YI2NYCIC5ZBALNY3B2NXIJDMII/

Background: This article goes in to depth on who the pitch clock helps and gives an advantage to. It talks about what the players are in favor of while also talking about how and why it benefits one position over another.

Intent: I will use this article to see how pitchers can benefit from the pitch clock. I can also get a better idea on how the rule works and if the pitch clock can potentially be decreased more then it is. It can show how low the pitch clock can really go.

Source 3:https://brewerfanatic.com/news-rumors/milwaukee-brewers/why-shortening-the-pitch-clock-is-the-right-choice-r1680/

Background: This article details how the pitch clock should be shortened even more then it already is. The article states it would be better for the game of baseball is the pitch clock is able to be shortened. It will make the battle between pitcher and batter more intense. It will deliver more moments and special at bats.

Intent:I will use this article as a way to expand on my hypothesis. I think it will make what I’m thinking of more detailed and back up my points. I will use it for information of why the pitch clock should be shortened and if it will indeed help pitchers specifically.

Source 4:https://www.foxsports.com/stories/mlb/how-are-mlbs-slowest-pitchers-handling-the-pitch-clock

Background: The article deals with certain pitchers in the MLB who are slower and take their time more before throwing their pitches. Certain pitchers are affected by throwing faster then usual causing their stats to get worse. It also talks about how some of the slower pitchers are adjusting and possibly getting better with it.

Intent: I intend to use this article to see what pitchers are struggling with the pitch clock. Those pitchers might not get the hang of the pitch clock now but them knowing how to handle it may make them better as they pitch more. The pitch clock could change their mechanics and make them pitch that much faster to make them better.

Source 5:https://blogs.fangraphs.com/the-pitch-clock-and-its-effects-on-pitching-performance-and-injuries/

Background: This article goes in depth using stats and comparing the last two years of baseball to show how pitcher’s performances have changed. It talks about the pitcher’s ERA’s and time of delivery on pitches before and after the pitch clock was implemented into the league.

Intent: This article will help to discover if pitcher’s ERAs can get even better if the pitch clock is shortened even more. It can show how certain pitchers in the league can change or adapt to the pitch clock getting faster and if they can still perform at the highest level of the league.

Posted in Bibliography (Proposal+5), EaglesFan | 1 Comment

Bibliography (Proposal +5)—DogLover

Posted on February 13, 2024 by doglover7025


Proposal-

For my research essay I will be looking into the social media platform Instagram. Although there are many benefits to using social media, there is ample concern regarding it because of the behavior of users and the hurtful environment caused by other users. I want to investigate implementing a user-banning system on Instagram to stop the hate and toxicity, and create a positive environment for all. If the number of complaints against them is credible and sufficient, the particular user will be permanently banned. Implementing this system will make the user experience enjoyable and will reduce the hate.

  1. Source-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X21002505?via%3Dihub

Background- Social media has a high number of hate messages that are directed towards groups and idividual. This article touches on cyber-bullying, hate-speech, and other negative aspects. They make a theory that “of online hate based on social approval suggests that individuals and collaborators generate hate messages to garner reward, for their antagonism toward mutually hated targets, by providing friendship and social support that enhances perpetrators’ well-being as it simultaneously deepens their prejudices.”. It shows evidence to prove that point.

Intention- I plan to use this article as “proof” on how much of a toxic environment social media really is. It briefly touches on each negative aspect of SM, which could really help me when talking about the effects. 

  1. Source- https://njsbf.org/2020/04/21/can-hate-be-banned-from-social-media/

Background- This article talks about the freedom of speech and how social media companies dont have to comply with that because the company themselves can make their own rules and guidelines. Tech companies and social media sites are actively curbing internet access to hateful people and groups. 

Intention- Using this article will give me insight on how freedom of speech laws dont really correspond with social media. I can really touch on laws and rule in my paper and I believe that this article will help me do so. 

  1. Source-https://njsbf.org/2023/01/05/battles-intensify-over-social-media-bans-and-free-speech/

Background- This articles also explains the battle that is free speech and social media bans. It briefly touches on twitter and their rules and guidlines. Creater Elon Musk, voices that it’s important to have a space where you can voice your opinions and that it’s healthy. The article talks about regulations and how “more than 100 bills that target social media companies’ moderation practices have been proposed nationwide. These bills attempt to limit the power of social media companies.”. It’s alot of great information that can be used for my paper. 

Intention- Slightly similar to source 2, but I have the same intentions. This article will really help me strengthen my knowledge on rules and guidelines regarding social media. 

  1. Source- https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/hate-speech-social-media-global-comparisons

Background- Alot of people use hate speech on social media and it’s linked in global increase towards violence. “In the United States, perpetrators of recent white supremacist attacks have circulated among racist communities online, and also embraced social media to publicize their acts.” . Alot of violence issues have also used social media as an outlet to hate speech. This is why users should be banned for their comments, and bad behavior on social media. 

Intention- I intend to use this for evidence for my paper, and the comparisons of hate speech and toxicity on social media. This will help me further  prove my hypothesis 

  1. Source-https://www.vox.com/culture/22230847/deplatforming-free-speech-controversy-trump

Background-Studies show the deplatforming people off social media actually work. The article makes a great point “deplatforming isnt a violation of free speech”. It make great points regarding hate, social media, banning-users, and free speech. All to which will help me with proving my hypothesis. 

Intention- I also plan to use this article for more evidence surrounding my hypothesis. This article talks about studies that show the banning people from platforms help and improve. 

Posted in Bibliography (Proposal+5), DogLover | 1 Comment

Bibliography (Proposal +5) — Ilovebees

Posted on February 13, 2024 by ilovebeesss

  1. Varela, R. P. (2014). Emotional healing through induced therapeutic crying: A mixed method approach. Conference Paper. Adamson University.

Background: Explains three studies in which theories were explained about the effects that certain individuals have after crying. The first study asked respondents to recall a recent crying episode where it was later revealed that crying improves mood. The second study showed that crying over a sad movie produced a high state of anguish, sadness and emotional pain. And the third on which the article is based investigates the effect of induced therapeutic crying on emotional healing through the effect of induced verbal hypnotic suggestions in college students. It is basically based on the premise that the presence of other people in the crying situation can provide emotional comfort to the person crying.

How I Used It: This article helped me discover different factors that make college students react the way they do after crying. It offered insights into the contrasting experiences of crying recalled by students versus those induced by watching a sad movie. The findings revealed that the recollection of personal crying instances had a more positive effect compared to tears triggered by viewing sad movie.

2. Sato, W., & Yoshikawa, S. (2020). Effects of tears on the perception of facial expressions: The influence of gender and role. Emotion, 20(5), 923–932.

Background: This article investigates how and whether patients’ crying has an impact on their mood and internal experience according to the quality of the working alliance, therapeutic change, and patients’ attachment style. The study was based on surveys where the results indicated that when the patients’ crying was followed by more positive or less negative emotions, they perceived the working alliance more positively, and the therapeutic change improved for patients with concerns of attachment, crying can represent both a useful process to reduce negative emotions and an indicator of a good therapeutic outcome.

How I Used It: The information in this article helped me identify the circumstances under which individuals experience crying, often leading to a subsequent shift towards more positive emotions or a decrease in negative ones. This reinforced the idea that crying may represent both a useful process for reducing negative emotions and an indicator of a good therapeutic outcome.

3. Crying it out: The role of tears in stress and coping of college students – ProQuest. (n.d.).

Background: This article was based on a study in which 192 college students were interviewed to measure their crying frequency, crying attitude, stress, a measure of social support, index of self-esteem, a test of purpose in life, a quality of life index, and a health questionnaire. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between reported well-being and the frequency and attitudes toward crying, as well as the frequency of crying toward others. Well-being was defined in terms of physical health, psychological well-being, and general quality of life.

How I Used It: Use the information in this article to demonstrate how for many centuries the idea of crying after stressful situations or helplessness was perceived as an activity reserved for people who lacked power, specifically women and children. But in reality, tears can be used as a means of communication and as a protective mechanism for college students to overcome the pressures and difficulties they encounter during their academic careers.

4. ZULFA, Nadhifatuz. “Crying For Healing” Formulation in The Frame of Sufistic Counseling. KONSELING RELIGI Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 2, p. 86-100, dec. 2018. ISSN 2477-2100.

Background: This article talks about a study where crying formulations were analyzed to cure various problems, both physical and psychological health disorders, which are wrapped in a Sufistic counseling framework. Sufistic counseling is when the therapist works with the individual’s spiritual beliefs and practices such as meditation and prayer. According to this study and previous studies mentioned in this article, it was concluded that crying has good benefits for physical and psychological health if done correctly. However, it is necessary to develop a crying formulation that is correct so that the effect not only affects the physical and psychological side of humans but can also touch the inner/spiritual side of humans, which is what is worked on in Sufistic counseling.

How I Used It: Utilize this article to delve deeper into the potential positive impacts of crying for certain individuals. It provided evidence that tapping into one’s inner emotions and shedding tears can foster a sense of well-being. It underscores how intense emotions can lead to crying, yielding positive outcomes

5. Miceli, M., & Castelfranchi, C. (2003). Crying: Discussing its basic reasons and uses. New Ideas in Psychology, 21, 247-

Background: This article explores various situations in which crying can occur, examining the cognitive processes and key steps that lead to the act of crying. Concluding that the experience of frustration followed by an individual’s attempt to resist and ultimately a sense of perceived helplessness leads to crying occurring. Furthermore, the article delves into the psychological consequences of crying, highlighting its benefits in terms of emotional well-being, with special emphasis on its relationship with the perception of helplessness.

How I Used It: Use this article as evidence that although there is a preliminary or standard emotion, for example, anger, it is the helplessness that comes from this emotion that produces tears in an individual. This indicates that a single emotion cannot trigger tears since the emotion of helplessness would be omitted, meaning that it is a combination of emotions that leads a person to cry.

6. Lutz, T. (2001). Crying: The Natural & Cultural History of Tears.

Background: This book provides a natural and cultural history of the most complex human function: the ability to shed tears. It explains in detail how humans are the only species that are able to weep and the different reasons that provoke this action to occur.

How I Used It:I used this article to explain how tears are a result of the inability to express the complexity of overlapping emotions at a specific moment. Not simply the emotions that contributed during the crisis are conveyed, but rather the frustration of dealing with these conflicting feelings without a clear resolution.

7. Bellieni, C. V. (2017). Meaning and importance of weeping. New Ideas in Psychology, 47, 72-76. 

Background: This article describes a study in which the mood of 28 people who objectively cried and 32 who did not cry was rated, compared before and immediately after watching an emotional film. The researchers concluded that, after the initial deterioration in mood after crying that was observed in laboratory studies, mood quickly became even less negative than before the emotional event.

How I Used It: Use this article to demonstrate how crying can help stabilize a person’s mood. Reiterating that crying could provide a feeling of relief and security that resulted in an increase in the mood of individuals.

8. Wągrowska, J., & Wróbel, M. (n.d.). What Makes People Cry? A Preliminary Analysis of Situations that Evoke Emotional Tears. Central and Eastern European Online Library. Retrieved from 

Background: The article analyzes two preliminary studies aimed at understanding the main reasons for crying and creating a set of situational vignettes that evoke emotional tears. In Study 1, participants listed six general reasons for crying, while in Study 2 they identified specific situations that elicited emotional tears.

How I Used It: Use this study to demonstrate the difficulty of isolating a single emotion when an individual is exposed to many factors that may be related to that emotion, that is, emotions are often intertwined and influenced by various external stimuli, internal thoughts, and past experiences. This leads the individual to cry due to overstimulation of feelings and factors.

9. Ito K, Ong CW and Kitada R (2019) Emotional Tears Communicate Sadness but Not Excessive Emotions Without Other Contextual Knowledge. Front. Psychol. 10:878. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00878

Background: This study presents focuses on people’s perception of tears on the face. In this study, researchers used RSA (Representational Similarity Analysis) and MDS (Multidimensional Scaling) to explore how tears affect the perceived intensity of basic emotions in facial expressions, particularly neutral and negative ones (anger, disgust, fear and sadness). The objective was to determine whether the presence of tears alters the intensity of sadness, anger, disgust and fear perceived in facial expressions.

How I Used It: This study served as evidence to demonstrate how a singular emotion cannot lead an individual to shed tears since they would not be experiencing the inability to express the catharsis of emotions that are experienced before crying. Indicating that the individual experiencing a single, basic emotion, such as sadness or anger, generally finds it easier to reconcile and manage that emotion without resorting to tears. However, when this individual is faced with a multitude of emotions simultaneously, the emotional landscape becomes more intricate and difficult to navigate, leading to tears serving as a physical manifestation of this emotional complexity.

Posted in Bibliography (Proposal+5), ILoveBees, Portfolio—ILoveBees | 1 Comment

Bibliography (Proposal +5)- Calm&Patient

Posted on February 12, 2024 by Calm&Patient

My goal while conducting my research is to find out how mindfulness plays a role in the decision making of soccer players while making decisions about a play like a penalty kick. The goal of this research is to delve deeper into the mindset of soccer players and determine whether “mindfulness” directly improves their playing skills while in a game. I will speak of different mindfulness programs such as PST to reinforce my point. I will also speak of the direct relation between focus, decision making in high anxiety situations such as making a penalty kick and mindfulness in athletics. I will use clinical trials and research articles as sources.

Source 1: Mindfulness in Athletes

This source explains how mindfulness is used in the athletic field. While practices such as mediation are considered a mindfulness practice, this research article dives deeper into the “mental training” aspect of the sport industry. Not only is it important to train your body to make the right moves, it is important to train your mind as well.

How will this source be used? 

This article furthers my range of knowledge surrounding my hypothesis. I will use details in this article such as the mention of psychological skill training (PST) to strengthen my hypothesis and reiterate how mindfulness is used as a way to change the reactions to your thinking patterns in fast moving situations such as making a penalty kick in a soccer game.

Source 2: 

Relationship between Mindfulness, Psychological Skills, and Mental Toughness in College Athletes

This article describes the positive correlation between mindfulness and mental skills necessary to be a successful soccer player. The study has five sub-scales, motivation, coach-ability, concentration, confidence,  and peaking under pressure. Each of these aspects is studied and it is shown at the end of the study that athletes with “higher mindfulness status may focus better on their sport itself”

How will this source be used?

This source will be used to further the knowledge behind my hypothesis. It will be used as evidence that mindfulness is indeed used to make decisions and successful plays under pressure. This source will also be used to discuss the pos. correlation between mindfulness, decision making, and focus.

Source 3: What Makes an Elite Shooter and Archer? The Critical Role of Interoceptive Attention

This research article discussed the importance of introspective attention within sports. It explains that introspective attention. They point out that attention is a significant part of being a successful athlete. There is also mention of exteroceptive attention and the ability to respond to external signals around you. There was a study conducted where athletes partook in mindfulness training. The results showed an improvement in accuracy while aiming and increased perception to signals around the individual.

How will this article be used? 

This article will be used to help strengthen the hypothesis that mindfulness is a key component in the decision making of a soccer player while doing a penalty kick. Decision making and perception of signals is a fundamental part of making a successful penalty kick and being a good athlete as a whole. Soccer players have to take advantage of all of their senses in order to calculate the best way of making the play.

Source 4: The impact of Mindfulness and Mental Skills Protocols on Athletes’ Competitive Anxiety

Many athletes experience competitive state anxiety. This is described as the anxious feeling that occurs when in a highly competitive environment, such as a soccer game. This article walks readers through how mindfulness allows athletes to cope with this and be level headed on the field.

How will this article be used?

This article will be used to provide another example of the many benefits of mindfulness with athletes. I will use this article to help readers get into the mindset of soccer players and athletes, and understand how mindfulness is beneficial.

Source 5: Mindfulness Mechanisms in Sports: Mediating Effects of Rumination and Emotion Specific Regulation on Sport-Specific Coping

This source discusses the relation between rumination and emotion regulation functions as essential mechanisms in the relation between dispositional mindfulness and sport-specific coping skills. It also explains the importance of increased dispositional mindfulness and improving capacity to regulate negative emotions. Doing so might enhance athletic performance.

How will this source be used?

This source will be used to focus on sport-related coping skills and their enhancement of athletic performance. It also focuses on PST and details specific sports psychology mindfulness practices. It will help to explain both the negative and positive processes that come with playing sport, and how athletes work through it, thus, enhancing performance.

Posted in Calm&Patient | 1 Comment