In 1929 a new amendment to the Dominican Constitution was made, which stated that in order to be Dominican at least one parent had to be Dominican regardless were we were born. Nonetheless, after stating who was Dominican in the constitution, the government kept giving documentation to anyone born in the country of undocumented parents. Many Dominicans of international descendent, which parents without documents thought that giving birth to them in the Dominican Republic automatically provided Dominican citizenship to their children, now are being considered “stateless” individuals by the sentence TC 0168-13. Denationalized citizens face lack of opportunities and deportation to their ancestral native country because by law they were never Dominicans. Now, jobs, education, health insurance, getting married, the right of ownership are privileges taken away. The most prejudiced citizens by the sentence are the Dominican of Haitian decent, who without knowing anyone in Haiti, many don’t even speak the Haitian creole, are going to be deported.
POPULAR PERCEPTIONS OF HAITI AND THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Background: The conflicts and cooperations among the Dominican Republic and Haiti come from the colonial times when the Europeans had the control of the Hispaniola (name of the island formed by Haiti and Dominican Republic).
How I intend to use it: My intentions with the material is to illustrate how political forces from the Dominican Republic and Haiti have contribute to the ideology of discrimination between the two countries.
Q&A ON THE RULING TC/0168-13
Background: This is a document of the regulations that the ruling TC 0168-13. This document provides information about who is a Dominican, to whom the law is directed, and clarifying that being born in the country does not provide citizenship. In addition, a solution to the statelessness is given in this document.
How I intent to use it: This document provide the purpose of the law and the solutions it brings; therefore, it will provide the opportunity of giving an opposite argument.
A TIMELINE OF DENATIONALIZATION
Background: A timeline of how the dominican republic Electoral Central of Council had been planing a Denationalization for foreigners’ children for more than 10 years.
How I intend to use it: my purpose is to illustrate the bad situation of the undocumented citizens in the Dominican Republic before the TC 0168-13.
The Dominican Government Is Cementing the Foundations of Apartheid
Background: An illustration of how Dominican of Haitian decent are the main target of the law and are the ones who suffer the most with the provision of education, marriage, property ownership, freedom of movement, and political participation. In addition, testimony of real victims of the TC 0168-13 is provided.
How I intend to use it: In this article estimation of Haitian decent Dominican are given, I will be able to show the purpose of the law and how is discriminatory act.
Preliminary Observations from the IACHR’s Visit to the Dominican Republic
Background: This article provide the dangers that Dominicans who are against the law face. Communicators that stand up for the rights of others are categorized as “traitors” and receive deaths threats from followers of the ideology of separation of both countries in the Dominican Republic.
How I intend to use it: my purpose with this article is to show that the law TC 0168-13 affects the Dominican Republic as well.
What earns RD with agitation against Haiti?
Background: This is a video from one of the journalist, Marino Zapete, who are being threaten and labeled as as traitors of the Dominican Republic by his opposition to the ruling. Zapete talks about the Dominican businessman who are starting to feel the consequences created by the dilemma between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Furthermore, Zapete discuss how political groups in both countries are being responsible for the response of both countries; now, Haiti does not have a Dominican Embassy in function. In addition, the trades and life of people on the border are unprotected. Zapate also talks of the mass-hysteria produced in the countries by political parties and who are getting the benefit from the present problems among both countries. For closure, the journalist gives examples of how the Dominican Republic is and will be affected by violation of the human rights.
How I intend to use it: This video has a lot of material, which give a lot of support to my thesis that states that the Dominican Republic will suffer from the decisions that international organizations will take against the violation of human rights at the Dominican Republic.
Marino Zapete: Thunders before hanging of Haitian park in Santiago
Background: Henry Claude Jean “Tulile” was a Hatian national who recently was killed and hanged at a park in Santiago de los Caballeros in the Dominican Republic. The day before of the slaughter a group of masked Dominicans gathered and burned the Haitian flag. The journalist Marino Zapata shows the images of the hagged Haitian National and the video of the disrespectful act against the Haitian flag. Additionally, Zapete gives the point of view of the “nationalists” and the reasons why Haitian nationals did not kill Henry Claude Jean; in addition, the message left by the slaughter of the Haitian national. Zapete talks about the preventives taken by the government and the reason why Haitians migrate to the Dominican Republic.
How I intend to use it: The action of the “nationalists” are prove of how the Dominican government does not take preventives against violence and discrimination towards Haitian nationals. Therefore, I intend to illustrate how the government is not taking action in the problems that are taking part in both countries.
Dominican Government has been unable to stop the racists in RD
Background: The chancellor Andres Navarro is being portrait as a national figure in the Dominican Republic by his reaction against the burning of the Dominican flag in Haiti, according to Marino Zapete. However, Zapete look at Navarro response as counter progressive because Navarro makes the dilemma between the Dominican Republic and Haiti a sign of a Haitian invasion. Nevertheless, Zapete provides, but does not defend, reasons why the Haitians are acting aggressively towards the present problems related to the ruling and racism in the Dominica Republic. Zapete, once again, points the case of Henry Claude Jean “Tulile” and give new assumptions made by the Dominican police. Then, to finalize, Zapete comes with a solution to the problem among the Dominican Republic and Haiti.
How I intend to use it: Some of the violent acts towards Haitians and how the Government makes the problems look at the Dominican Republic are provided in this video and will be of good use to show how the ruling is against Haitian nationals.
Journalism and Migrations
Background: In this article by the Haitian priest Edwin Paraison, the contributions from Dominican journalists are recognized. The journalist are for the most part in the side where the human rights are being respected, and as a country of people in international countries, the Dominican Republic have been in controversies when Dominicans are harmed in international lands. Nonetheless, international journalists defend the rights of Dominicans in their country.
How I intend to use it: When people from a country have their rights violated in another country, movements and controversy are always made and the Dominican Republic has been part of those movements. Therefore, I will provide evidence of how the Dominicans have been in opposition of the violation of human rights and how support from journalists is in favor of the damaged individuals.
In the insular peace
Background: Edwin Paraison comes with a solution to the relationship between the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Paraison sees the situation as easy to win in international courts, but he thinks that an agreement among both countries will come to the end with all the violence produced by the mass-hysteria produced in the two countries by the government.
How I intend to use it: This article provides a good solution for the problem, in addition it provides a reason that might be good to debate during my investigation.
Annotated Bibliography – Albert
I AIN’T AFRICAN-AMERICAN, I’M BLACK: NICHOLAS PAYTON
Background: Nicholas Payton discusses the difference between black and African American. Payton points how being black became a shame at some point of time. Payton also brings to the table what makes a person of African descent to be just Black, and who are the African-Americans of today’s world.
How I used it: I used this source as part of my definition essay to give an illustration that we are what we accept to be. For instance, a Black person in the United States is not African American because his ancestral come from Africa. In addition, I wanted to illustrate that Black and White Americans are equally important to the United States and we should not see them as two separate groups of the country.
Background: Aisha Harris makes a good example of how Blacks are addressed as African Americans I the United States, but is just a label. Harris explains how her White friends were able to trace down the country of their ancestors, but at the same time all identified as only one group, White. In the other hand, even though Harris was labeled as African, she did not know where her ancestors came from. Then, when Harris found out her origins, she still felt like an American and not an African because she did not know anything about her roots.
How I used it: I used this article to show that the origin of our family does not make us who we are, but what we accept to be. Knowing or not knowing where our ancestors are from does not define us as part of a group unless we accept and practice the culture of our roots.
La CIDH condena a RD y le ordena anular sentencia
Background: The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) finds the Dominican Republic guilty of violation of the rights of Dominicans of Haitian decent by deporting them to Haiti between the years 1999-2000. Now, the IACHR demands the Dominican Republic to invalidate sentence TC 168-13 and law 169-14, and as a result give the Dominican nationality to Dominican born from undocumented foreigners along other petitions.
How I Used It: I used this document to illustrate the disapproval from international forces against the sentence TC 168-13 in the Dominican Republic. In addition, I used this article to show some petitions to the Dominican Republic from the IACHR.
Política y economía: la realidad insular
Background: Former Haitian diplomat and government official, Edwin Paraison, provides information about how the Dominican Republic and Haiti benefit from each other.
How I Used It: I used this article to give an illustration of some Dominican families in the border that live from the Haitian expenses and need of resources, and how those families will suffer if those treaties are broken. In addition, I used this article to show how Haiti contributes to the tourism in the Dominican Republic.
Migración está lista para deportaciones cuando concluya el Plan de Regularización
Background: This news article is an announcement from the Dominican director of Immigration, Jose Ricardo Taveras; Taveras said that everything is ready for the process of deportation after the conclusion of the National Plan of Regulation in the Dominican Republic.
How I used it: The Dominican Republic has not fixed the status of Dominicans of undocumented parents and with the beginning of the deportations the Inter-American Court of Human Rights will take actions against the Dominican Republic. Therefore, I used this evidence as support that the Dominican Republic will suffer the consequences from the international disapproval towards the violation of human rights that the sentence TC 168-13 makes with its practice.
CIDH condena sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional de República Dominicana
Background: In this article the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) contemplates the sentence TC 168-13, in the Dominican Republic as a violation of the human rights and asks to the Dominican Republic to grant the nationality to Dominicans of undocumented parents born in the Dominican Republic. In addition, this article provides the consequences that the Dominican Republic will face if the petitions from IACHR are not pleased.
How I used it: I used this article to show what are some of the consequences that the Dominican Republic will suffer from international forces if the sentence TC 168-13 is not revoked.
Fallo Dominicano afecta a Haitianos
Background: In this article and video is explain the sentence TC 168-13 in the Dominican Republic, which will deport anyone born in the Dominican Republic after 1929 from undocumented parents. According to the article is unknown the number of people that will be affected by it. Also, is establish that the sentence is not directed to any group specifically; however, the Dominicans of Haitian descendants in the Dominican Republic will be the most affected by its practice.
How I used it: I used this article to show that the Dominicans of Haitian descendants are the most affected with the sentence TC 168-13.
Fenatrado denuncia nuevas agresiones a camioneros en Haití
Background: In this article is announced the possible suspending of the transport cargo from the Dominican Republic to Haiti from the National Federation of Dominican Transport (Fenatrado) because of aggression towards trucks and truck drivers by Haitian rebels in Haiti.
How I used it: I used this article to show some of the consequences the Dominican Republic is facing with the mass- hysteria produced in Haiti by the sentence TC 168- 13 and other events that affect the Haitians in the Dominican Republic.
La inmigración Haitiana afecta salarios locales
Background: This article blames the Haitian immigration for the increase of poverty in the Dominican Republic. The Haitian cheaper services increase the tendency to employ Haitian workers. Therefore, the Haitian immigration is increasing to the Dominican Republic. As a result, the wages for Dominican workers had decreased.
How I used it: With this article I show that Dominicans think that Haitians are taking away their jobs that ironically Dominicans are not willing to do, and which is the reason why a lot of Dominicans support the sentence TC 168-13.
Mi opinión resumida en el caso de la Sentencia 168-13, del Tribunal Constitucional.
Background: This is a comment to an article related to the protest of Haitians against the sentence 168-13. This Commentary stands in its own and is basically stating that the sentence has to go into execution because since 1929 the children born in the Dominican Republic from undocumented parents are not Dominican; therefore, the fact that those Dominicans of undocumented parents were never Dominicans. In addition, the author of this comment, Fabian Del Orbe, writes that the people with power who is against the sentence just want to get benefits from the undocumented citizens by paying less money for their service, which also violates the Dominican Labor Code, which states that at least 80% of the workers of a business in the Dominican Republic have to be Dominicans.
How I used it: I used this comment in my rebuttal essay because one of the hardest arguments that support the sentence TC 168-13 is that since 1929 the constitution says that the children born in the Dominican Republic from undocumented parents are not Dominicans. In addition, I used this comment to illustrate that the sentence also will be the cause why the labor code in the Dominican Republic will be more violated after the sentence takes effect.
Background: This is the mission of the Caribbean Community (CariCom). The mission of CariCom is to provide leadership and services in partnership with the Caribbean institutions and groups in order to improve the quality of life.
How I used it: I used the mission of the Caribbean Community in order to illustrate what was its role in the Haitian-Dominican controversy.
Caricom expresa “seria preocupación” por los Haitianos en República Dominicana
Background: In this article is discussed the preoccupation of the Caribbean Community (CariCom) towards the sentence 168-13. An approximation was given of how many people were able to fix their legal status before the sentence takes effect. As a result of the violation to the human rights CarCom keeps the Dominican Republic out of any negotiation.
How I used it: I used the information provided by CariCom to give an approximation of how many Dominicans of Haitians decent are in danger of deportation and what actions is the Caribbean Community is taking.
Background: An introduction of the law 169-14 was given in this article. The law 169-14 gives time to people born in the Dominican Republic after 1929, from undocumented parents, but were given the Dominican citizenship when they were born, to fix their migratory status.
How I used it: I used this article to talk about the time that the sentence 168-13 gave to Dominicans of undocumented parents, who were once considered as documented Dominicans, by passing the law 169-14.
Congreso Nacional : En nombre de la Republica Dominicana
Background: This is an online copy of the law 169-14, which provides time to Dominicans of undocumented parents to get their nationality back.
How I used it: with the original document of the law I found the reason the law was passed and, therefore, I used the same law to write my rebuttal argument against the sentence TC 168-13.
Revisión del 20 de junio de 1929 de la Constitución de la República Dominicana
Background: This is a copy of the Dominican Constitution after its revision in 1929.
How I used it: I used this document to know all the ways a person can be considered a Dominican.
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Counterintuitive Spring 2024 
feedback was requested
Feedback provided. —DSH
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Albert, I get a pretty fair sense of the nature of the problem from your Introduction. If I understand correctly, children born in the Dominican Republic are not automatically DR citizens. Conversely, I would guess, children born outside the country, but to DR parents, would be Dominican citizens. In other words, parentage, not place of birth, determines citizenship. For children of Haitian parents born in the DR, this creates a serious problem whenever the Republic decides it doesn’t want to make them welcome. Apparently, they can be deported (you haven’t said under what circumstances) to Haiti, even if they have no family there.
That’s my interpretation of what I’ve read in your first paragraph. It doesn’t tell me why there is strife between Haitians and Dominicans, but I trust you will help me with that.
. . . But then, you don’t.
Your Background and How I Intend to use it sections only say that there are conflicts (and cooperation!), but not what the conflicts are, or why, or whether both countries discriminate against the resident citizens of the other.
Then this:
Q&A on the Ruling TC/0168-13
Read it for yourself and you will see that I learn nothing from it. It provides information about citizenship, but that tells me nothing. It offers a solution to statelessness, you tell me, but you don’t tell me what that is.
No reader of your Proposal would have any idea whether your plan is a good one or not. Or what shape your argument would take.
Not until the final paragraph do I learn that ideological Dominicans want to separate the two countries absolutely. That information would have helped me understand all that went before, if I had learned it first. But it wouldn’t explain whether the goal is to expel all Dominicans of Haitian descent. Or whether the goal is to deprive them of rights until they voluntarily leave. Or whether they favor internal apartheid: keeping the “Haitians” in self-contained provinces.
Even in informal, preparatory works like proposals and summaries, albert, clarity is your primary objective. Communicate clearly first of all.
Do you think this is worth the effort for a rewrite?
I await your reply.
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I failed to deliver my message clearly. What makes the topic counter intuitive is that the Dominican Republic has been changing the citizenship law during the last ten years and people who were considered to be citizens by previous laws are now denaturalized. The “Q&A on the Ruling TC/0168-13” is a statement of the new law, which I intend to contradict later on. For my revision I will try to clarify my points and my material purpose.
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